[SPARK-54013][CONNECT] Implement SparkConnectDatabaseMetaData simple methods

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR implements 107 simple methods of `SparkConnectDatabaseMetaData` defined in `java.sql.DatabaseMetaData` interface.

### Why are the changes needed?

Improve the API implementation coverage of the Connect JDBC driver.

There are 179 methods defined in `java.sql.DatabaseMetaData` interface, after this patch, the coverage reaches 144/179.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

No, new feature.

### How was this patch tested?

UTs are added.

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

Closes apache#52741 from pan3793/SPARK-54013.

Authored-by: Cheng Pan <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: yangjie01 <[email protected]>

Author: pan3793