diff --git a/lib/jbuilder.rb b/lib/jbuilder.rb
index 1290839..61b7b50 100644
--- a/lib/jbuilder.rb
+++ b/lib/jbuilder.rb
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 require 'jbuilder/errors'
 require 'json'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/deep_merge'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
 
 class Jbuilder
   @@key_formatter = nil
@@ -32,41 +33,12 @@ def self.encode(...)
     new(...).target!
   end
 
-  BLANK = Blank.new
+  BLANK = Blank.new.freeze
+  EMPTY_ARRAY = [].freeze
+  private_constant :BLANK, :EMPTY_ARRAY
 
   def set!(key, value = BLANK, *args, &block)
-    result = if ::Kernel.block_given?
-      if !_blank?(value)
-        # json.comments @post.comments { |comment| ... }
-        # { "comments": [ { ... }, { ... } ] }
-        _scope{ array! value, &block }
-      else
-        # json.comments { ... }
-        # { "comments": ... }
-        _merge_block(key){ yield self }
-      end
-    elsif args.empty?
-      if ::Jbuilder === value
-        # json.age 32
-        # json.person another_jbuilder
-        # { "age": 32, "person": { ...  }
-        _format_keys(value.attributes!)
-      else
-        # json.age 32
-        # { "age": 32 }
-        _format_keys(value)
-      end
-    elsif _is_collection?(value)
-      # json.comments @post.comments, :content, :created_at
-      # { "comments": [ { "content": "hello", "created_at": "..." }, { "content": "world", "created_at": "..." } ] }
-      _scope{ array! value, *args }
-    else
-      # json.author @post.creator, :name, :email_address
-      # { "author": { "name": "David", "email_address": "david@loudthinking.com" } }
-      _merge_block(key){ _extract value, args }
-    end
-
-    _set_value key, result
+    _set(key, value, args, &block)
   end
 
   # Specifies formatting to be applied to the key. Passing in a name of a function
@@ -206,18 +178,8 @@ def child!
   #   json.array! [1, 2, 3]
   #
   #   [1,2,3]
-  def array!(collection = [], *attributes, &block)
-    array = if collection.nil?
-      []
-    elsif ::Kernel.block_given?
-      _map_collection(collection, &block)
-    elsif attributes.any?
-      _map_collection(collection) { |element| _extract element, attributes }
-    else
-      _format_keys(collection.to_a)
-    end
-
-    @attributes = _merge_values(@attributes, array)
+  def array!(collection = EMPTY_ARRAY, *attributes, &block)
+    _array collection, attributes, &block
   end
 
   # Extracts the mentioned attributes or hash elements from the passed object and turns them into attributes of the JSON.
@@ -242,8 +204,8 @@ def extract!(object, *attributes)
   end
 
   def call(object, *attributes, &block)
-    if ::Kernel.block_given?
-      array! object, &block
+    if block
+      _array object, &block
     else
       _extract object, attributes
     end
@@ -276,6 +238,55 @@ def target!
 
   alias_method :method_missing, :set!
 
+  def _set(key, value = BLANK, attributes = nil, &block)
+    result = if block
+      if _blank?(value)
+        # json.comments { ... }
+        # { "comments": ... }
+        _merge_block key, &block
+      else
+        # json.comments @post.comments { |comment| ... }
+        # { "comments": [ { ... }, { ... } ] }
+        _scope { _array value, &block }
+      end
+    elsif attributes.empty?
+      if ::Jbuilder === value
+        # json.age 32
+        # json.person another_jbuilder
+        # { "age": 32, "person": { ...  }
+        _format_keys(value.attributes!)
+      else
+        # json.age 32
+        # { "age": 32 }
+        _format_keys(value)
+      end
+    elsif _is_collection?(value)
+      # json.comments @post.comments, :content, :created_at
+      # { "comments": [ { "content": "hello", "created_at": "..." }, { "content": "world", "created_at": "..." } ] }
+      _scope { _array value, attributes }
+    else
+      # json.author @post.creator, :name, :email_address
+      # { "author": { "name": "David", "email_address": "david@loudthinking.com" } }
+      _merge_block(key) { _extract value, attributes }
+    end
+
+    _set_value key, result
+  end
+
+  def _array(collection = EMPTY_ARRAY, attributes = nil, &block)
+    array = if collection.nil?
+      EMPTY_ARRAY
+    elsif block
+      _map_collection(collection, &block)
+    elsif attributes.present?
+      _map_collection(collection) { |element| _extract element, attributes }
+    else
+      _format_keys(collection.to_a)
+    end
+
+    @attributes = _merge_values(@attributes, array)
+  end
+
   def _extract(object, attributes)
     if ::Hash === object
       _extract_hash_values(object, attributes)
diff --git a/lib/jbuilder/jbuilder_template.rb b/lib/jbuilder/jbuilder_template.rb
index 855dd67..53e4c22 100644
--- a/lib/jbuilder/jbuilder_template.rb
+++ b/lib/jbuilder/jbuilder_template.rb
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def initialize(context, options = nil)
   #   json.comments @post.comments, partial: "comments/comment", as: :comment, cached: true
   #
   def partial!(*args)
-    if args.one? && _is_active_model?(args.first)
+    if _is_active_model?(args.first)
       _render_active_model_partial args.first
     else
       options = args.extract_options!.dup
@@ -119,25 +119,25 @@ def target!
     @cached_root || super
   end
 
-  def array!(collection = [], *args)
+  def array!(collection = EMPTY_ARRAY, *args, &block)
     options = args.first
 
-    if args.one? && _partial_options?(options)
+    if _partial_options?(options)
       options = options.dup
       options[:collection] = collection
       _render_partial_with_options options
     else
-      super
+      _array collection, args, &block
     end
   end
 
-  def set!(name, object = BLANK, *args)
+  def set!(name, object = BLANK, *args, &block)
     options = args.first
 
-    if args.one? && _partial_options?(options)
+    if _partial_options?(options)
       _set_inline_partial name, object, options.dup
     else
-      super
+      _set name, object, args, &block
     end
   end
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def _render_partial_with_options(options)
     as = options[:as]
 
     if as && options.key?(:collection)
-      collection = options.delete(:collection) || []
+      collection = options.delete(:collection) || EMPTY_ARRAY
       partial = options.delete(:partial)
       options[:locals][:json] = self
       collection = EnumerableCompat.new(collection) if collection.respond_to?(:count) && !collection.respond_to?(:size)
@@ -169,9 +169,9 @@ def _render_partial_with_options(options)
           .new(@context.lookup_context, options) { |&block| _scope(&block) }
           .render_collection_with_partial(collection, partial, @context, nil)
 
-        array! if results.respond_to?(:body) && results.body.nil?
+        _array if results.respond_to?(:body) && results.body.nil?
       else
-        array!
+        _array
       end
     else
       _render_partial options
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def _is_active_model?(object)
 
   def _set_inline_partial(name, object, options)
     value = if object.nil?
-      []
+      EMPTY_ARRAY
     elsif _is_collection?(object)
       _scope do
         options[:collection] = object