diff --git a/benchmark/Cargo.toml b/benchmark/Cargo.toml
index 591d376771..27e85628a2 100644
--- a/benchmark/Cargo.toml
+++ b/benchmark/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ metrics = "0.24.1"
 metrics-util = "0.19.0"
 metrics-exporter-prometheus = "0.16.1"
 tokio = { version = "1.36.0", features = ["rt", "sync", "macros", "rt-multi-thread"] }
-rand = "0.8.5"
+rand = "0.9.0"
 pretty-duration = "0.1.1"
 tikv-jemallocator = "0.6.0"
 env_logger = "0.11.5"
diff --git a/benchmark/src/zipf.rs b/benchmark/src/zipf.rs
index a054abdfbc..cb179642d8 100644
--- a/benchmark/src/zipf.rs
+++ b/benchmark/src/zipf.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use firewood::db::{BatchOp, Db};
 use firewood::v2::api::{Db as _, Proposal as _};
 use log::{debug, trace};
 use pretty_duration::pretty_duration;
-use rand::prelude::Distribution as _;
-use rand::thread_rng;
+use rand::distr::Distribution as _;
+use rand::rng;
 use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::error::Error;
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ fn generate_updates(
     zipf: &zipf::ZipfDistribution,
 ) -> impl Iterator<Item = BatchOp<Vec<u8>, Vec<u8>>> {
     let hash_of_batch_id = Sha256::digest(batch_id.to_ne_bytes()).to_vec();
-    let rng = thread_rng();
+    let rng = rng();
     zipf.sample_iter(rng)
         .take(batch_size)
         .map(|inner_key| {
diff --git a/firewood/Cargo.toml b/firewood/Cargo.toml
index 58f7155166..71e3bceb8b 100644
--- a/firewood/Cargo.toml
+++ b/firewood/Cargo.toml
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ branch_factor_256 = [ "storage/branch_factor_256" ]
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = {version = "0.5.1", features = ["async_tokio"]}
-rand = "0.8.5"
+rand = "0.9.0"
 triehash = "0.8.4"
 clap = { version = "4.5.0", features = ['derive'] }
 pprof = { version = "0.14.0", features = ["flamegraph"] }
diff --git a/grpc-testtool/Cargo.toml b/grpc-testtool/Cargo.toml
index db238dc8c4..fcc2e1e329 100644
--- a/grpc-testtool/Cargo.toml
+++ b/grpc-testtool/Cargo.toml
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ tonic-build = "0.12.1"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion = {version = "0.5.1", features = ["async_tokio"]}
-rand = "0.8.5"
+rand = "0.9.0"
 
 [lints.rust]
 unsafe_code = "deny"
diff --git a/storage/Cargo.toml b/storage/Cargo.toml
index e390de49d4..a3ff23ea46 100644
--- a/storage/Cargo.toml
+++ b/storage/Cargo.toml
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ bitfield = "0.17.0"
 fastrace = { version = "0.7.4" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-rand = "0.8.5"
+rand = "0.9.0"
 test-case = "3.3.1"
 criterion = { version = "0.5.1", features = ["async_tokio", "html_reports"] }
 pprof = { version = "0.14.0", features = ["flamegraph"] }