diff --git a/config/env.ini b/config/env.ini
index 1f17797e0..7448cc373 100644
--- a/config/env.ini
+++ b/config/env.ini
@@ -1,40 +1,41 @@
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ; static-php-cli (spc) env configuration
 ;
 ; This file is used to set default env vars for static-php-cli build.
 ; As dynamic build process, some of these vars can be overwritten by CLI options.
 ; And you can also overwrite these vars by setting them in your shell environment.
+; The value should be changed only if you know what you are doing. Otherwise, please leave them as default.
 ;
 ; We need to use some pre-defined internal env vars, like `BUILD_ROOT_PATH`, `DOWNLOAD_PATH`, etc.
-; Please note that these vars cannot be defined in this file, they are only be defined before static-php-cli running.
+; Please note that these vars cannot be defined in this file, they should only be defined before static-php-cli running.
 ;
-; Here's a list of env vars, these value cannot be changed anywhere:
+; Here's a list of env vars, these variables will be defined if not defined:
 ;
-;   SPC_VERSION:        the version of static-php-cli.
-;   WORKING_DIR:        the working directory of the build process. (default: `$(pwd)`)
-;   ROOT_DIR:           the root directory of static-php-cli. (default: `/path/to/static-php-cli`, when running in phar or micro mode: `phar://path/to/spc.phar`)
 ;   BUILD_ROOT_PATH:    the root path of the build process. (default: `$(pwd)/buildroot`)
 ;   BUILD_INCLUDE_PATH: the path of the include files. (default: `$BUILD_ROOT_PATH/include`)
 ;   BUILD_LIB_PATH:     the path of the lib files. (default: `$BUILD_ROOT_PATH/lib`)
 ;   BUILD_BIN_PATH:     the path of the bin files. (default: `$BUILD_ROOT_PATH/bin`)
-;   PKG_ROOT_PATH:      the root path of the package files. (default: `$(pwd)/pkgroot`)
+;   BUILD_MODULES_PATH: the path of the php modules (shared extensions) files. (default: `$BUILD_ROOT_PATH/modules`)
+;   PKG_ROOT_PATH:      the root path of the package files. (default: `$(pwd)/pkgroot/$GNU_ARCH-{darwin|linux|windows}`)
 ;   SOURCE_PATH:        the path of the source files. (default: `$(pwd)/source`)
 ;   DOWNLOAD_PATH:      the path of the download files. (default: `$(pwd)/downloads`)
-;   CPU_COUNT:          the count of the CPU cores. (default: `$(nproc)`)
-;   SPC_ARCH:           the arch of the current system, for some libraries needed `--host=XXX` args. (default: `$(uname -m)`, e.g. `x86_64`, `aarch64`, `arm64`)
-;   GNU_ARCH:           the GNU arch of the current system. (default: `$(uname -m)`, e.g. `x86_64`, `aarch64`)
-;   MAC_ARCH:           the MAC arch of the current system. (default: `$(uname -m)`, e.g. `x86_64`, `arm64`)
+;   PATH:               (*nix only) static-php-cli will add `$BUILD_BIN_PATH` to PATH.
+;   PKG_CONFIG_PATH:    (*nix only) static-php-cli will set `$BUILD_LIB_PATH/pkgconfig` to PKG_CONFIG_PATH.
 ;
-;   * These vars are only be defined in Unix (macOS, Linux, FreeBSD)Builder and cannot be changed anywhere:
-;   PATH:                               static-php-cli will add `$BUILD_BIN_PATH` to PATH.
-;   PKG_CONFIG:                         static-php-cli will set `$BUILD_BIN_PATH/pkg-config` to PKG_CONFIG.
-;   PKG_CONFIG_PATH:                    static-php-cli will set `$BUILD_LIB_PATH/pkgconfig` to PKG_CONFIG_PATH.
+; Here's a list of env vars, these variables is defined in SPC and cannot be changed anywhere:
 ;
-;   * These vars are only be defined in LinuxBuilder and cannot be changed anywhere:
-;   SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CC:                   the default compiler for linux. (For alpine linux: `gcc`, default: `$GNU_ARCH-linux-musl-gcc`)
-;   SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CXX:                  the default c++ compiler for linux. (For alpine linux: `g++`, default: `$GNU_ARCH-linux-musl-g++`)
-;   SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_AR:                   the default archiver for linux. (For alpine linux: `ar`, default: `$GNU_ARCH-linux-musl-ar`)
-;   SPC_EXTRA_PHP_VARS:                     the extra vars for building php, used in `configure` and `make` command.
+;   SPC_VERSION:            the version of static-php-cli.
+;   WORKING_DIR:            the working directory of the build process. (default: `$(pwd)`)
+;   ROOT_DIR:               the root directory of static-php-cli. (default: `/path/to/static-php-cli`, when running in phar or micro mode: `phar://path/to/spc.phar`)
+;   CPU_COUNT:              the count of the CPU cores. (default: `$(nproc)`)
+;   SPC_ARCH:               the arch of the current system, for some libraries needed `--host=XXX` args. (default: `$(uname -m)`, e.g. `x86_64`, `aarch64`, `arm64`)
+;   GNU_ARCH:               the GNU arch of the current system. (default: `$(uname -m)`, e.g. `x86_64`, `aarch64`)
+;   MAC_ARCH:               the MAC arch of the current system. (default: `$(uname -m)`, e.g. `x86_64`, `arm64`)
+;   PKG_CONFIG:             (*nix only) static-php-cli will set `$BUILD_BIN_PATH/pkg-config` to PKG_CONFIG.
+;   SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CC:   (linux only) the default compiler for linux. (For alpine linux: `gcc`, default: `$GNU_ARCH-linux-musl-gcc`)
+;   SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_CXX:  (linux only) the default c++ compiler for linux. (For alpine linux: `g++`, default: `$GNU_ARCH-linux-musl-g++`)
+;   SPC_LINUX_DEFAULT_AR:   (linux only) the default archiver for linux. (For alpine linux: `ar`, default: `$GNU_ARCH-linux-musl-ar`)
+;   SPC_EXTRA_PHP_VARS:     (linux only) the extra vars for building php, used in `configure` and `make` command.
 
 [global]
 ; Build concurrency for make -jN, default is CPU_COUNT, this value are used in every libs.
@@ -109,9 +110,7 @@ SPC_CMD_PREFIX_PHP_CONFIGURE="./configure --prefix= --with-valgrind=no --disable
 ; *** default build vars for building php ***
 ; embed type for php, static (libphp.a) or shared (libphp.so)
 SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_EMBED_TYPE="static"
-; CFLAGS for configuring php
-SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_CONFIGURE_CFLAGS="${SPC_DEFAULT_C_FLAGS} -fPIE"
-; EXTRA_CFLAGS for `make` php
+; EXTRA_CFLAGS for `configure` and `make` php
 SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_CFLAGS="-g -fstack-protector-strong -fno-ident -fPIE ${SPC_DEFAULT_C_FLAGS}"
 ; EXTRA_LDFLAGS for `make` php, can use -release to set a soname for libphp.so
 SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_LDFLAGS=""
@@ -141,10 +140,8 @@ SPC_CMD_PREFIX_PHP_CONFIGURE="./configure --prefix= --with-valgrind=no --enable-
 ; *** default build vars for building php ***
 ; embed type for php, static (libphp.a) or shared (libphp.dylib)
 SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_EMBED_TYPE="static"
-; CFLAGS for configuring php
-SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_CONFIGURE_CFLAGS="${SPC_DEFAULT_C_FLAGS} -Werror=unknown-warning-option"
-; EXTRA_CFLAGS for `make` php
-SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_CFLAGS="-g -fstack-protector-strong -fpic -fpie ${SPC_DEFAULT_C_FLAGS}"
+; EXTRA_CFLAGS for `configure` and `make` php
+SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_CFLAGS="-g -fstack-protector-strong -fpic -fpie -Werror=unknown-warning-option ${SPC_DEFAULT_C_FLAGS}"
 
 [freebsd]
 ; compiler environments
diff --git a/config/lib.json b/config/lib.json
index d74658a6d..4f66a1e55 100644
--- a/config/lib.json
+++ b/config/lib.json
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
         "lib-depends-macos": [
             "lib-base",
             "micro",
-            "libxml2"
+            "libxml2",
+            "frankenphp"
         ],
         "lib-suggests-linux": [
             "libacl",
@@ -25,6 +26,10 @@
             "watcher"
         ]
     },
+    "frankenphp": {
+        "source": "frankenphp",
+        "type": "target"
+    },
     "micro": {
         "type": "target",
         "source": "micro"
diff --git a/config/source.json b/config/source.json
index ca1edfb02..ff6eb4d23 100644
--- a/config/source.json
+++ b/config/source.json
@@ -301,6 +301,16 @@
             "path": "LICENSE.MIT"
         }
     },
+    "frankenphp": {
+        "type": "ghtar",
+        "repo": "php/frankenphp",
+        "prefer-stable": true,
+        "provide-pre-built": false,
+        "license": {
+            "type": "file",
+            "path": "LICENSE"
+        }
+    },
     "freetype": {
         "type": "ghtagtar",
         "repo": "freetype/freetype",
diff --git a/src/SPC/ConsoleApplication.php b/src/SPC/ConsoleApplication.php
index da143de1a..9a957223c 100644
--- a/src/SPC/ConsoleApplication.php
+++ b/src/SPC/ConsoleApplication.php
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
  */
 final class ConsoleApplication extends Application
 {
-    public const string VERSION = '2.7.6';
+    public const string VERSION = '2.7.7';
 
     public function __construct()
     {
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/Extension.php b/src/SPC/builder/Extension.php
index c9cd06577..08b403e61 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/Extension.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/Extension.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 namespace SPC\builder;
 
+use SPC\builder\unix\UnixBuilderBase;
 use SPC\exception\EnvironmentException;
 use SPC\exception\SPCException;
 use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
@@ -448,6 +449,15 @@ public function buildUnixShared(): void
             ->exec('make clean')
             ->exec('make -j' . $this->builder->concurrency)
             ->exec('make install');
+
+        // process *.so file
+        $soFile = BUILD_MODULES_PATH . '/' . $this->getName() . '.so';
+        if (!file_exists($soFile)) {
+            throw new ValidationException("extension {$this->getName()} build failed: {$soFile} not found", validation_module: "Extension {$this->getName()} build");
+        }
+        /** @var UnixBuilderBase $builder */
+        $builder = $this->builder;
+        $builder->deployBinary($soFile, $soFile, false);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/freebsd/BSDBuilder.php b/src/SPC/builder/freebsd/BSDBuilder.php
index 0c1d1ee44..b746dff56 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/freebsd/BSDBuilder.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/freebsd/BSDBuilder.php
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ protected function buildCli(): void
         if (!$this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
             $shell->exec('strip sapi/cli/php');
         }
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CLI);
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CLI);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ protected function buildMicro(): void
         if (!$this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
             shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/micro')->exec('strip --strip-unneeded micro.sfx');
         }
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_MICRO);
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_MICRO);
 
         if ($this->phar_patched) {
             SourcePatcher::unpatchMicroPhar();
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ protected function buildFpm(): void
         if (!$this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
             $shell->exec('strip sapi/fpm/php-fpm');
         }
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_FPM);
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_FPM);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/linux/LinuxBuilder.php b/src/SPC/builder/linux/LinuxBuilder.php
index 3995c3a85..0d6f77fba 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/linux/LinuxBuilder.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/linux/LinuxBuilder.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use SPC\exception\PatchException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\store\Config;
+use SPC\store\DirDiff;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\store\SourcePatcher;
 use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ public function buildPHP(int $build_target = BUILD_TARGET_NONE): void
         // prepare build php envs
         // $musl_flag = SPCTarget::getLibc() === 'musl' ? ' -D__MUSL__' : ' -U__MUSL__';
         $php_configure_env = SystemUtil::makeEnvVarString([
-            'CFLAGS' => getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_CONFIGURE_CFLAGS'),
+            'CFLAGS' => getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_CFLAGS'),
             'CPPFLAGS' => '-I' . BUILD_INCLUDE_PATH, // . ' -Dsomethinghere', // . $musl_flag,
             'LDFLAGS' => '-L' . BUILD_LIB_PATH,
             // 'LIBS' => SPCTarget::getRuntimeLibs(), // do not pass static libraries here yet, they may contain polyfills for libc functions!
@@ -194,15 +195,7 @@ protected function buildCli(): void
             SourcePatcher::patchFile('musl_static_readline.patch', SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src', true);
         }
 
-        if (!$this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
-            shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/cli')->exec('strip --strip-unneeded php');
-        }
-        if ($this->getOption('with-upx-pack')) {
-            shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/cli')
-                ->exec(getenv('UPX_EXEC') . ' --best php');
-        }
-
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CLI);
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CLI);
     }
 
     protected function buildCgi(): void
@@ -213,15 +206,7 @@ protected function buildCgi(): void
             ->exec('sed -i "s|//lib|/lib|g" Makefile')
             ->exec("make {$concurrency} {$vars} cgi");
 
-        if (!$this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
-            shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/cgi')->exec('strip --strip-unneeded php-cgi');
-        }
-        if ($this->getOption('with-upx-pack')) {
-            shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/cgi')
-                ->exec(getenv('UPX_EXEC') . ' --best php-cgi');
-        }
-
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CGI);
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CGI);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -232,29 +217,33 @@ protected function buildMicro(): void
         if ($this->getPHPVersionID() < 80000) {
             throw new WrongUsageException('phpmicro only support PHP >= 8.0!');
         }
-        if ($this->getExt('phar')) {
-            $this->phar_patched = true;
-            SourcePatcher::patchMicroPhar($this->getPHPVersionID());
-        }
+        try {
+            if ($this->getExt('phar')) {
+                $this->phar_patched = true;
+                SourcePatcher::patchMicroPhar($this->getPHPVersionID());
+            }
 
-        $enable_fake_cli = $this->getOption('with-micro-fake-cli', false) ? ' -DPHP_MICRO_FAKE_CLI' : '';
-        $vars = $this->getMakeExtraVars();
+            $enable_fake_cli = $this->getOption('with-micro-fake-cli', false) ? ' -DPHP_MICRO_FAKE_CLI' : '';
+            $vars = $this->getMakeExtraVars();
 
-        // patch fake cli for micro
-        $vars['EXTRA_CFLAGS'] .= $enable_fake_cli;
-        $vars = SystemUtil::makeEnvVarString($vars);
-        $concurrency = getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') ? '-j' . getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') : '';
+            // patch fake cli for micro
+            $vars['EXTRA_CFLAGS'] .= $enable_fake_cli;
+            $vars = SystemUtil::makeEnvVarString($vars);
+            $concurrency = getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') ? '-j' . getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') : '';
 
-        shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src')
-            ->exec('sed -i "s|//lib|/lib|g" Makefile')
-            ->exec("make {$concurrency} {$vars} micro");
-
-        $this->processMicroUPX();
+            shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src')
+                ->exec('sed -i "s|//lib|/lib|g" Makefile')
+                ->exec("make {$concurrency} {$vars} micro");
 
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_MICRO);
+            // deploy micro.sfx
+            $dst = $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_MICRO);
 
-        if ($this->phar_patched) {
-            SourcePatcher::unpatchMicroPhar();
+            // patch after UPX-ed micro.sfx
+            $this->processUpxedMicroSfx($dst);
+        } finally {
+            if ($this->phar_patched) {
+                SourcePatcher::unpatchMicroPhar();
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -269,14 +258,7 @@ protected function buildFpm(): void
             ->exec('sed -i "s|//lib|/lib|g" Makefile')
             ->exec("make {$concurrency} {$vars} fpm");
 
-        if (!$this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
-            shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/fpm')->exec('strip --strip-unneeded php-fpm');
-        }
-        if ($this->getOption('with-upx-pack')) {
-            shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/fpm')
-                ->exec(getenv('UPX_EXEC') . ' --best php-fpm');
-        }
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_FPM);
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_FPM);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -289,6 +271,9 @@ protected function buildEmbed(): void
             return Config::getExt($ext->getName(), 'build-with-php') === true;
         });
         $install_modules = $sharedExts ? 'install-modules' : '';
+
+        // detect changes in module path
+        $diff = new DirDiff(BUILD_MODULES_PATH, true);
         $vars = SystemUtil::makeEnvVarString($this->getMakeExtraVars());
         $concurrency = getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') ? '-j' . getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') : '';
         shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src')
@@ -296,10 +281,54 @@ protected function buildEmbed(): void
             ->exec('sed -i "s|^EXTENSION_DIR = .*|EXTENSION_DIR = /' . basename(BUILD_MODULES_PATH) . '|" Makefile')
             ->exec("make {$concurrency} INSTALL_ROOT=" . BUILD_ROOT_PATH . " {$vars} install-sapi {$install_modules} install-build install-headers install-programs");
 
+        // process libphp.so for shared embed
+        $libphpSo = BUILD_LIB_PATH . '/libphp.so';
+        if (file_exists($libphpSo)) {
+            // post actions: rename libphp.so to libphp-<release>.so if -release is set in LDFLAGS
+            $this->processLibphpSoFile($libphpSo);
+            // deploy libphp.so
+            $this->deployBinary($libphpSo, $libphpSo, false);
+        }
+
+        // process shared extensions build-with-php
+        $increment_files = $diff->getChangedFiles();
+        foreach ($increment_files as $increment_file) {
+            $this->deployBinary($increment_file, $increment_file, false);
+        }
+
+        // process libphp.a for static embed
+        if (getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_EMBED_TYPE') === 'static') {
+            $AR = getenv('AR') ?: 'ar';
+            f_passthru("{$AR} -t " . BUILD_LIB_PATH . "/libphp.a | grep '\\.a$' | xargs -n1 {$AR} d " . BUILD_LIB_PATH . '/libphp.a');
+            // export dynamic symbols
+            SystemUtil::exportDynamicSymbols(BUILD_LIB_PATH . '/libphp.a');
+        }
+
+        // patch embed php scripts
+        $this->patchPhpScripts();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return extra variables for php make command.
+     */
+    private function getMakeExtraVars(): array
+    {
+        $config = (new SPCConfigUtil($this, ['libs_only_deps' => true, 'absolute_libs' => true]))->config($this->ext_list, $this->lib_list, $this->getOption('with-suggested-exts'), $this->getOption('with-suggested-libs'));
+        $static = SPCTarget::isStatic() ? '-all-static' : '';
+        $lib = BUILD_LIB_PATH;
+        return array_filter([
+            'EXTRA_CFLAGS' => getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_CFLAGS'),
+            'EXTRA_LIBS' => $config['libs'],
+            'EXTRA_LDFLAGS' => getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_LDFLAGS'),
+            'EXTRA_LDFLAGS_PROGRAM' => "-L{$lib} {$static} -pie",
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    private function processLibphpSoFile(string $libphpSo): void
+    {
         $ldflags = getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_LDFLAGS') ?: '';
         $libDir = BUILD_LIB_PATH;
         $modulesDir = BUILD_MODULES_PATH;
-        $libphpSo = "{$libDir}/libphp.so";
         $realLibName = 'libphp.so';
         $cwd = getcwd();
 
@@ -361,60 +390,29 @@ protected function buildEmbed(): void
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        if (getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_EMBED_TYPE') === 'static') {
-            $AR = getenv('AR') ?: 'ar';
-            f_passthru("{$AR} -t " . BUILD_LIB_PATH . "/libphp.a | grep '\\.a$' | xargs -n1 {$AR} d " . BUILD_LIB_PATH . '/libphp.a');
-            // export dynamic symbols
-            SystemUtil::exportDynamicSymbols(BUILD_LIB_PATH . '/libphp.a');
-        }
-
-        if (!$this->getOption('no-strip', false) && file_exists(BUILD_LIB_PATH . '/' . $realLibName)) {
-            shell()->cd(BUILD_LIB_PATH)->exec("strip --strip-unneeded {$realLibName}");
-        }
-        $this->patchPhpScripts();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return extra variables for php make command.
-     */
-    private function getMakeExtraVars(): array
-    {
-        $config = (new SPCConfigUtil($this, ['libs_only_deps' => true, 'absolute_libs' => true]))->config($this->ext_list, $this->lib_list, $this->getOption('with-suggested-exts'), $this->getOption('with-suggested-libs'));
-        $static = SPCTarget::isStatic() ? '-all-static' : '';
-        $lib = BUILD_LIB_PATH;
-        return array_filter([
-            'EXTRA_CFLAGS' => getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_CFLAGS'),
-            'EXTRA_LIBS' => $config['libs'],
-            'EXTRA_LDFLAGS' => getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_LDFLAGS'),
-            'EXTRA_LDFLAGS_PROGRAM' => "-L{$lib} {$static} -pie",
-        ]);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Strip micro.sfx for Linux.
-     * The micro.sfx does not support UPX directly, but we can remove UPX-info segment to adapt.
-     * This will also make micro.sfx with upx-packed more like a malware fore antivirus :(
+     * Patch micro.sfx after UPX compression.
+     * micro needs special section handling in LinuxBuilder.
+     * The micro.sfx does not support UPX directly, but we can remove UPX
+     * info segment to adapt.
+     * This will also make micro.sfx with upx-packed more like a malware fore antivirus
      */
-    private function processMicroUPX(): void
+    private function processUpxedMicroSfx(string $dst): void
     {
-        if (version_compare($this->getMicroVersion(), '0.2.0') >= 0 && !$this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
-            shell()->exec('strip --strip-unneeded ' . SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/micro/micro.sfx');
-
-            if ($this->getOption('with-upx-pack')) {
-                // strip first
-                shell()->exec(getenv('UPX_EXEC') . ' --best ' . SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/micro/micro.sfx');
-                // cut binary with readelf
-                [$ret, $out] = shell()->execWithResult('readelf -l ' . SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/micro/micro.sfx | awk \'/LOAD|GNU_STACK/ {getline; print $1, $2, $3, $4, $6, $7}\'');
-                $out[1] = explode(' ', $out[1]);
-                $offset = $out[1][0];
-                if ($ret !== 0 || !str_starts_with($offset, '0x')) {
-                    throw new PatchException('phpmicro UPX patcher', 'Cannot find offset in readelf output');
-                }
-                $offset = hexdec($offset);
-                // remove upx extra wastes
-                file_put_contents(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/micro/micro.sfx', substr(file_get_contents(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/micro/micro.sfx'), 0, $offset));
+        if ($this->getOption('with-upx-pack') && version_compare($this->getMicroVersion(), '0.2.0') >= 0) {
+            // strip first
+            // cut binary with readelf
+            [$ret, $out] = shell()->execWithResult("readelf -l {$dst} | awk '/LOAD|GNU_STACK/ {getline; print \$1, \$2, \$3, \$4, \$6, \$7}'");
+            $out[1] = explode(' ', $out[1]);
+            $offset = $out[1][0];
+            if ($ret !== 0 || !str_starts_with($offset, '0x')) {
+                throw new PatchException('phpmicro UPX patcher', 'Cannot find offset in readelf output');
             }
+            $offset = hexdec($offset);
+            // remove upx extra wastes
+            file_put_contents($dst, substr(file_get_contents($dst), 0, $offset));
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/macos/MacOSBuilder.php b/src/SPC/builder/macos/MacOSBuilder.php
index bcfaf6cf0..07ef275d6 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/macos/MacOSBuilder.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/macos/MacOSBuilder.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 use SPC\builder\unix\UnixBuilderBase;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\store\Config;
+use SPC\store\DirDiff;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\store\SourcePatcher;
 use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@ public function buildPHP(int $build_target = BUILD_TARGET_NONE): void
 
         // prepare build php envs
         $envs_build_php = SystemUtil::makeEnvVarString([
-            'CFLAGS' => getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_CONFIGURE_CFLAGS'),
+            'CFLAGS' => getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_MAKE_EXTRA_CFLAGS'),
             'CPPFLAGS' => '-I' . BUILD_INCLUDE_PATH,
             'LDFLAGS' => '-L' . BUILD_LIB_PATH,
         ]);
@@ -189,10 +190,7 @@ protected function buildCli(): void
         $shell = shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src');
         $concurrency = getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') ? '-j' . getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') : '';
         $shell->exec("make {$concurrency} {$vars} cli");
-        if (!$this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
-            $shell->exec('dsymutil -f sapi/cli/php')->exec('strip -S sapi/cli/php');
-        }
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CLI);
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CLI);
     }
 
     protected function buildCgi(): void
@@ -202,10 +200,7 @@ protected function buildCgi(): void
         $shell = shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src');
         $concurrency = getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') ? '-j' . getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') : '';
         $shell->exec("make {$concurrency} {$vars} cgi");
-        if (!$this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
-            $shell->exec('dsymutil -f sapi/cgi/php-cgi')->exec('strip -S sapi/cgi/php-cgi');
-        }
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CGI);
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CGI);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -216,31 +211,30 @@ protected function buildMicro(): void
         if ($this->getPHPVersionID() < 80000) {
             throw new WrongUsageException('phpmicro only support PHP >= 8.0!');
         }
-        if ($this->getExt('phar')) {
-            $this->phar_patched = true;
-            SourcePatcher::patchMicroPhar($this->getPHPVersionID());
-        }
 
-        $enable_fake_cli = $this->getOption('with-micro-fake-cli', false) ? ' -DPHP_MICRO_FAKE_CLI' : '';
-        $vars = $this->getMakeExtraVars();
+        try {
+            if ($this->getExt('phar')) {
+                $this->phar_patched = true;
+                SourcePatcher::patchMicroPhar($this->getPHPVersionID());
+            }
 
-        // patch fake cli for micro
-        $vars['EXTRA_CFLAGS'] .= $enable_fake_cli;
-        $vars = SystemUtil::makeEnvVarString($vars);
+            $enable_fake_cli = $this->getOption('with-micro-fake-cli', false) ? ' -DPHP_MICRO_FAKE_CLI' : '';
+            $vars = $this->getMakeExtraVars();
 
-        $shell = shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src');
-        // build
-        $concurrency = getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') ? '-j' . getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') : '';
-        $shell->exec("make {$concurrency} {$vars} micro");
-        // strip
-        if (!$this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
-            $shell->exec('dsymutil -f sapi/micro/micro.sfx')->exec('strip -S sapi/micro/micro.sfx');
-        }
+            // patch fake cli for micro
+            $vars['EXTRA_CFLAGS'] .= $enable_fake_cli;
+            $vars = SystemUtil::makeEnvVarString($vars);
 
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_MICRO);
+            $shell = shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src');
+            // build
+            $concurrency = getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') ? '-j' . getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') : '';
+            $shell->exec("make {$concurrency} {$vars} micro");
 
-        if ($this->phar_patched) {
-            SourcePatcher::unpatchMicroPhar();
+            $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_MICRO);
+        } finally {
+            if ($this->phar_patched) {
+                SourcePatcher::unpatchMicroPhar();
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -254,10 +248,7 @@ protected function buildFpm(): void
         $shell = shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src');
         $concurrency = getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') ? '-j' . getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') : '';
         $shell->exec("make {$concurrency} {$vars} fpm");
-        if (!$this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
-            $shell->exec('dsymutil -f sapi/fpm/php-fpm')->exec('strip -S sapi/fpm/php-fpm');
-        }
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_FPM);
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_FPM);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -272,9 +263,25 @@ protected function buildEmbed(): void
         $install_modules = $sharedExts ? 'install-modules' : '';
         $vars = SystemUtil::makeEnvVarString($this->getMakeExtraVars());
         $concurrency = getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') ? '-j' . getenv('SPC_CONCURRENCY') : '';
+
+        $diff = new DirDiff(BUILD_MODULES_PATH, true);
+
         shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src')
+            ->exec('sed -i "" "s|^EXTENSION_DIR = .*|EXTENSION_DIR = /' . basename(BUILD_MODULES_PATH) . '|" Makefile')
             ->exec("make {$concurrency} INSTALL_ROOT=" . BUILD_ROOT_PATH . " {$vars} install-sapi {$install_modules} install-build install-headers install-programs");
 
+        $libphp = BUILD_LIB_PATH . '/libphp.dylib';
+        if (file_exists($libphp)) {
+            $this->deployBinary($libphp, $libphp, false);
+            // macOS currently have no -release option for dylib, so we just rename it here
+        }
+
+        // process shared extensions build-with-php
+        $increment_files = $diff->getChangedFiles();
+        foreach ($increment_files as $increment_file) {
+            $this->deployBinary($increment_file, $increment_file, false);
+        }
+
         if (getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_PHP_EMBED_TYPE') === 'static') {
             $AR = getenv('AR') ?: 'ar';
             f_passthru("{$AR} -t " . BUILD_LIB_PATH . "/libphp.a | grep '\\.a$' | xargs -n1 {$AR} d " . BUILD_LIB_PATH . '/libphp.a');
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/unix/UnixBuilderBase.php b/src/SPC/builder/unix/UnixBuilderBase.php
index 2a9bcb9bb..d98059cb0 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/unix/UnixBuilderBase.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/unix/UnixBuilderBase.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 namespace SPC\builder\unix;
 
 use SPC\builder\BuilderBase;
+use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil;
 use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil as LinuxSystemUtil;
 use SPC\exception\SPCException;
 use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
@@ -79,6 +80,92 @@ public function proveLibs(array $sorted_libraries): void
         $this->lib_list = $sorted_libraries;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Strip unneeded symbols from binary file.
+     */
+    public function stripBinary(string $binary_path): void
+    {
+        shell()->exec(match (PHP_OS_FAMILY) {
+            'Darwin' => "strip -S {$binary_path}",
+            'Linux' => "strip --strip-unneeded {$binary_path}",
+            default => throw new SPCInternalException('stripBinary is only supported on Linux and macOS'),
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extract debug information from binary file.
+     *
+     * @param string $binary_path the path to the binary file, including executables, shared libraries, etc
+     */
+    public function extractDebugInfo(string $binary_path): string
+    {
+        $target_dir = BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '/debug';
+        FileSystem::createDir($target_dir);
+        $basename = basename($binary_path);
+        $debug_file = "{$target_dir}/{$basename}" . (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Darwin' ? '.dwarf' : '.debug');
+        if (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Darwin') {
+            shell()->exec("dsymutil -f {$binary_path} -o {$debug_file}");
+        } elseif (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Linux') {
+            if ($eu_strip = SystemUtil::findCommand('eu-strip')) {
+                shell()
+                    ->exec("{$eu_strip} -f {$debug_file} {$binary_path}")
+                    ->exec("objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink={$debug_file} {$binary_path}");
+            } else {
+                shell()
+                    ->exec("objcopy --only-keep-debug {$binary_path} {$debug_file}")
+                    ->exec("objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink={$debug_file} {$binary_path}");
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new SPCInternalException('extractDebugInfo is only supported on Linux and macOS');
+        }
+        return $debug_file;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deploy the binary file from src to dst.
+     */
+    public function deployBinary(string $src, string $dst, bool $executable = true): string
+    {
+        logger()->debug('Deploying binary from ' . $src . ' to ' . $dst);
+
+        // file must exists
+        if (!file_exists($src)) {
+            throw new SPCInternalException("Deploy failed. Cannot find file: {$src}");
+        }
+        // dst dir must exists
+        FileSystem::createDir(dirname($dst));
+
+        // ignore copy to self
+        if (realpath($src) !== realpath($dst)) {
+            shell()->exec('cp ' . escapeshellarg($src) . ' ' . escapeshellarg($dst));
+        }
+
+        // file exist
+        if (!file_exists($dst)) {
+            throw new SPCInternalException("Deploy failed. Cannot find file after copy: {$dst}");
+        }
+
+        // extract debug info
+        $this->extractDebugInfo($dst);
+
+        // strip
+        if (!$this->getOption('no-strip')) {
+            $this->stripBinary($dst);
+        }
+
+        // UPX for linux
+        $upx_option = $this->getOption('with-upx-pack');
+        if ($upx_option && PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Linux' && $executable) {
+            if ($this->getOption('no-strip')) {
+                logger()->warning('UPX compression is not recommended when --no-strip is enabled.');
+            }
+            logger()->info("Compressing {$dst} with UPX");
+            shell()->exec(getenv('UPX_EXEC') . " --best {$dst}");
+        }
+
+        return $dst;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Sanity check after build complete.
      */
@@ -209,23 +296,20 @@ protected function sanityCheck(int $build_target): void
     }
 
     /**
-     * Deploy the binary file to the build bin path.
-     *
-     * @param int $type Type integer, one of BUILD_TARGET_CLI, BUILD_TARGET_MICRO, BUILD_TARGET_FPM
+     * Deploy binaries that produces executable SAPI
      */
-    protected function deployBinary(int $type): bool
+    protected function deploySAPIBinary(int $type): string
     {
         $src = match ($type) {
             BUILD_TARGET_CLI => SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/cli/php',
             BUILD_TARGET_MICRO => SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/micro/micro.sfx',
             BUILD_TARGET_FPM => SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/fpm/php-fpm',
             BUILD_TARGET_CGI => SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/cgi/php-cgi',
+            BUILD_TARGET_FRANKENPHP => BUILD_BIN_PATH . '/frankenphp',
             default => throw new SPCInternalException("Deployment does not accept type {$type}"),
         };
-        logger()->info('Deploying ' . $this->getBuildTypeName($type) . ' file');
-        FileSystem::createDir(BUILD_BIN_PATH);
-        shell()->exec('cp ' . escapeshellarg($src) . ' ' . escapeshellarg(BUILD_BIN_PATH));
-        return true;
+        $dst = BUILD_BIN_PATH . '/' . basename($src);
+        return $this->deployBinary($src, $dst);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -272,8 +356,10 @@ protected function patchPhpScripts(): void
      */
     protected function processFrankenphpApp(): void
     {
-        $frankenphpSourceDir = SOURCE_PATH . '/frankenphp';
-        SourceManager::initSource(['frankenphp'], ['frankenphp']);
+        $frankenphpSourceDir = getenv('FRANKENPHP_SOURCE_PATH') ?: SOURCE_PATH . '/frankenphp';
+        if (!is_dir($frankenphpSourceDir)) {
+            SourceManager::initSource(['frankenphp'], ['frankenphp']);
+        }
         $frankenphpAppPath = $this->getOption('with-frankenphp-app');
 
         if ($frankenphpAppPath) {
@@ -297,7 +383,11 @@ protected function processFrankenphpApp(): void
 
     protected function getFrankenPHPVersion(): string
     {
-        $goModPath = SOURCE_PATH . '/frankenphp/caddy/go.mod';
+        if ($version = getenv('FRANKENPHP_VERSION')) {
+            return $version;
+        }
+        $frankenphpSourceDir = getenv('FRANKENPHP_SOURCE_PATH') ?: SOURCE_PATH . '/frankenphp';
+        $goModPath = $frankenphpSourceDir . '/caddy/go.mod';
 
         if (!file_exists($goModPath)) {
             throw new SPCInternalException("FrankenPHP caddy/go.mod file not found at {$goModPath}, why did we not download FrankenPHP?");
@@ -318,7 +408,7 @@ protected function buildFrankenphp(): void
         $nobrotli = $this->getLib('brotli') === null ? ',nobrotli' : '';
         $nowatcher = $this->getLib('watcher') === null ? ',nowatcher' : '';
         $xcaddyModules = getenv('SPC_CMD_VAR_FRANKENPHP_XCADDY_MODULES');
-        $frankenphpSourceDir = SOURCE_PATH . '/frankenphp';
+        $frankenphpSourceDir = getenv('FRANKENPHP_SOURCE_PATH') ?: SOURCE_PATH . '/frankenphp';
 
         $xcaddyModules = preg_replace('#--with github.com/dunglas/frankenphp\S*#', '', $xcaddyModules);
         $xcaddyModules = "--with github.com/dunglas/frankenphp={$frankenphpSourceDir} " .
@@ -338,7 +428,6 @@ protected function buildFrankenphp(): void
                 $dynamic_exports = ' ' . $dynamicSymbolsArgument;
             }
         }
-        $debugFlags = $this->getOption('no-strip') ? '' : '-w -s ';
         $extLdFlags = "-extldflags '-pie{$dynamic_exports} {$this->arch_ld_flags}'";
         $muslTags = '';
         $staticFlags = '';
@@ -363,7 +452,7 @@ protected function buildFrankenphp(): void
             'CGO_CFLAGS' => clean_spaces($cflags),
             'CGO_LDFLAGS' => "{$this->arch_ld_flags} {$staticFlags} {$config['ldflags']} {$libs}",
             'XCADDY_GO_BUILD_FLAGS' => '-buildmode=pie ' .
-                '-ldflags \"-linkmode=external ' . $extLdFlags . ' ' . $debugFlags .
+                '-ldflags \"-linkmode=external ' . $extLdFlags . ' ' .
                 '-X \'github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2.CustomVersion=FrankenPHP ' .
                 "v{$frankenPhpVersion} PHP {$libphpVersion} Caddy'\\\" " .
                 "-tags={$muslTags}nobadger,nomysql,nopgx{$nobrotli}{$nowatcher}",
@@ -373,13 +462,7 @@ protected function buildFrankenphp(): void
             ->setEnv($env)
             ->exec("xcaddy build --output frankenphp {$xcaddyModules}");
 
-        if (!$this->getOption('no-strip', false) && file_exists(BUILD_BIN_PATH . '/frankenphp')) {
-            if (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Linux') {
-                shell()->cd(BUILD_BIN_PATH)->exec('strip --strip-unneeded frankenphp');
-            } else { // macOS doesn't understand strip-unneeded
-                shell()->cd(BUILD_BIN_PATH)->exec('strip -S frankenphp');
-            }
-        }
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_FRANKENPHP);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/windows/WindowsBuilder.php b/src/SPC/builder/windows/WindowsBuilder.php
index 1892d8014..e4f1578c4 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/windows/WindowsBuilder.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/windows/WindowsBuilder.php
@@ -67,21 +67,6 @@ public function buildPHP(int $build_target = BUILD_TARGET_NONE): void
 
         $zts = $this->zts ? '--enable-zts=yes ' : '--enable-zts=no ';
 
-        // with-upx-pack for phpmicro
-        if ($enableMicro && version_compare($this->getMicroVersion(), '0.2.0') < 0) {
-            $makefile = FileSystem::convertPath(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/micro/Makefile.frag.w32');
-            if ($this->getOption('with-upx-pack', false)) {
-                if (!file_exists($makefile . '.originfile')) {
-                    copy($makefile, $makefile . '.originfile');
-                    FileSystem::replaceFileStr($makefile, '$(MICRO_SFX):', '_MICRO_UPX = ' . getenv('UPX_EXEC') . " --best $(MICRO_SFX)\n$(MICRO_SFX):");
-                    FileSystem::replaceFileStr($makefile, '@$(_MICRO_MT)', "@$(_MICRO_MT)\n\t@$(_MICRO_UPX)");
-                }
-            } elseif (file_exists($makefile . '.originfile')) {
-                copy($makefile . '.originfile', $makefile);
-                unlink($makefile . '.originfile');
-            }
-        }
-
         $opcache_jit = !$this->getOption('disable-opcache-jit', false);
         $opcache_jit_arg = $opcache_jit ? '--enable-opcache-jit=yes ' : '--enable-opcache-jit=no ';
 
@@ -145,7 +130,7 @@ public function buildPHP(int $build_target = BUILD_TARGET_NONE): void
         }
     }
 
-    public function testPHP(int $build_target = BUILD_TARGET_NONE)
+    public function testPHP(int $build_target = BUILD_TARGET_NONE): void
     {
         $this->sanityCheck($build_target);
     }
@@ -156,12 +141,27 @@ public function buildCli(): void
 
         $extra_libs = getenv('SPC_EXTRA_LIBS') ?: '';
 
+        // Add debug symbols for release build if --no-strip is specified
+        // We need to modify CFLAGS to replace /Ox with /Zi and add /DEBUG to LDFLAGS
+        $debug_overrides = '';
+        if ($this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
+            // Read current CFLAGS from Makefile and replace optimization flags
+            $makefile_content = file_get_contents(SOURCE_PATH . '\php-src\Makefile');
+            if (preg_match('/^CFLAGS=(.+?)$/m', $makefile_content, $matches)) {
+                $cflags = $matches[1];
+                // Replace /Ox (full optimization) with /Zi (debug info) and /Od (disable optimization)
+                // Keep optimization for speed: /O2 /Zi instead of /Od /Zi
+                $cflags = str_replace('/Ox ', '/O2 /Zi ', $cflags);
+                $debug_overrides = '"CFLAGS=' . $cflags . '" "LDFLAGS=/DEBUG /LTCG /INCREMENTAL:NO" "LDFLAGS_CLI=/DEBUG" ';
+            }
+        }
+
         // add nmake wrapper
-        FileSystem::writeFile(SOURCE_PATH . '\php-src\nmake_cli_wrapper.bat', "nmake /nologo LIBS_CLI=\"ws2_32.lib shell32.lib {$extra_libs}\" EXTRA_LD_FLAGS_PROGRAM= %*");
+        FileSystem::writeFile(SOURCE_PATH . '\php-src\nmake_cli_wrapper.bat', "nmake /nologo {$debug_overrides}LIBS_CLI=\"ws2_32.lib shell32.lib {$extra_libs}\" EXTRA_LD_FLAGS_PROGRAM= %*");
 
         cmd()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '\php-src')->exec("{$this->sdk_prefix} nmake_cli_wrapper.bat --task-args php.exe");
 
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CLI);
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CLI);
     }
 
     public function buildCgi(): void
@@ -170,12 +170,23 @@ public function buildCgi(): void
 
         $extra_libs = getenv('SPC_EXTRA_LIBS') ?: '';
 
+        // Add debug symbols for release build if --no-strip is specified
+        $debug_overrides = '';
+        if ($this->getOption('no-strip', false)) {
+            $makefile_content = file_get_contents(SOURCE_PATH . '\php-src\Makefile');
+            if (preg_match('/^CFLAGS=(.+?)$/m', $makefile_content, $matches)) {
+                $cflags = $matches[1];
+                $cflags = str_replace('/Ox ', '/O2 /Zi ', $cflags);
+                $debug_overrides = '"CFLAGS=' . $cflags . '" "LDFLAGS=/DEBUG /LTCG /INCREMENTAL:NO" "LDFLAGS_CGI=/DEBUG" ';
+            }
+        }
+
         // add nmake wrapper
-        FileSystem::writeFile(SOURCE_PATH . '\php-src\nmake_cgi_wrapper.bat', "nmake /nologo LIBS_CGI=\"ws2_32.lib kernel32.lib advapi32.lib {$extra_libs}\" EXTRA_LD_FLAGS_PROGRAM= %*");
+        FileSystem::writeFile(SOURCE_PATH . '\php-src\nmake_cgi_wrapper.bat', "nmake /nologo {$debug_overrides}LIBS_CGI=\"ws2_32.lib kernel32.lib advapi32.lib {$extra_libs}\" EXTRA_LD_FLAGS_PROGRAM= %*");
 
         cmd()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '\php-src')->exec("{$this->sdk_prefix} nmake_cgi_wrapper.bat --task-args php-cgi.exe");
 
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CGI);
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_CGI);
     }
 
     public function buildEmbed(): void
@@ -202,9 +213,20 @@ public function buildMicro(): void
 
         $extra_libs = getenv('SPC_EXTRA_LIBS') ?: '';
 
+        // Add debug symbols for release build if --no-strip is specified
+        $debug_overrides = '';
+        if ($this->getOption('no-strip', false) && !$this->getOption('debug', false)) {
+            $makefile_content = file_get_contents(SOURCE_PATH . '\php-src\Makefile');
+            if (preg_match('/^CFLAGS=(.+?)$/m', $makefile_content, $matches)) {
+                $cflags = $matches[1];
+                $cflags = str_replace('/Ox ', '/O2 /Zi ', $cflags);
+                $debug_overrides = '"CFLAGS=' . $cflags . '" "LDFLAGS=/DEBUG /LTCG /INCREMENTAL:NO" "LDFLAGS_MICRO=/DEBUG" ';
+            }
+        }
+
         // add nmake wrapper
         $fake_cli = $this->getOption('with-micro-fake-cli', false) ? ' /DPHP_MICRO_FAKE_CLI" ' : '';
-        $wrapper = "nmake /nologo LIBS_MICRO=\"ws2_32.lib shell32.lib {$extra_libs}\" CFLAGS_MICRO=\"/DZEND_ENABLE_STATIC_TSRMLS_CACHE=1{$fake_cli}\" %*";
+        $wrapper = "nmake /nologo {$debug_overrides}LIBS_MICRO=\"ws2_32.lib shell32.lib {$extra_libs}\" CFLAGS_MICRO=\"/DZEND_ENABLE_STATIC_TSRMLS_CACHE=1{$fake_cli}\" %*";
         FileSystem::writeFile(SOURCE_PATH . '\php-src\nmake_micro_wrapper.bat', $wrapper);
 
         // phar patch for micro
@@ -221,7 +243,7 @@ public function buildMicro(): void
             }
         }
 
-        $this->deployBinary(BUILD_TARGET_MICRO);
+        $this->deploySAPIBinary(BUILD_TARGET_MICRO);
     }
 
     public function proveLibs(array $sorted_libraries): void
@@ -335,28 +357,53 @@ public function sanityCheck(mixed $build_target): void
      *
      * @param int $type Deploy type
      */
-    public function deployBinary(int $type): bool
+    public function deploySAPIBinary(int $type): void
     {
+        logger()->info('Deploying ' . $this->getBuildTypeName($type) . ' file');
+
+        $debug_dir = BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '\debug';
+        $bin_path = BUILD_BIN_PATH;
+
+        // create dirs
+        FileSystem::createDir($debug_dir);
+        FileSystem::createDir($bin_path);
+
+        // determine source path for different SAPI
+        $rel_type = 'Release'; // TODO: Debug build support
         $ts = $this->zts ? '_TS' : '';
         $src = match ($type) {
-            BUILD_TARGET_CLI => SOURCE_PATH . "\\php-src\\x64\\Release{$ts}\\php.exe",
-            BUILD_TARGET_MICRO => SOURCE_PATH . "\\php-src\\x64\\Release{$ts}\\micro.sfx",
-            BUILD_TARGET_CGI => SOURCE_PATH . "\\php-src\\x64\\Release{$ts}\\php-cgi.exe",
+            BUILD_TARGET_CLI => [SOURCE_PATH . "\\php-src\\x64\\{$rel_type}{$ts}", 'php.exe', 'php.pdb'],
+            BUILD_TARGET_MICRO => [SOURCE_PATH . "\\php-src\\x64\\{$rel_type}{$ts}", 'micro.sfx', 'micro.pdb'],
+            BUILD_TARGET_CGI => [SOURCE_PATH . "\\php-src\\x64\\{$rel_type}{$ts}", 'php-cgi.exe', 'php-cgi.pdb'],
             default => throw new SPCInternalException("Deployment does not accept type {$type}"),
         };
 
+        $src = "{$src[0]}\\{$src[1]}";
+        $dst = BUILD_BIN_PATH . '\\' . basename($src);
+
+        // file must exists
+        if (!file_exists($src)) {
+            throw new SPCInternalException("Deploy failed. Cannot find file: {$src}");
+        }
+        // dst dir must exists
+        FileSystem::createDir(dirname($dst));
+
+        // copy file
+        if (realpath($src) !== realpath($dst)) {
+            cmd()->exec('copy ' . escapeshellarg($src) . ' ' . escapeshellarg($dst));
+        }
+
+        // extract debug info in buildroot/debug
+        if ($this->getOption('no-strip', false) && file_exists("{$src[0]}\\{$src[2]}")) {
+            cmd()->exec('copy ' . escapeshellarg("{$src[0]}\\{$src[2]}") . ' ' . escapeshellarg($debug_dir));
+        }
+
         // with-upx-pack for cli and micro
         if ($this->getOption('with-upx-pack', false)) {
             if ($type === BUILD_TARGET_CLI || $type === BUILD_TARGET_CGI || ($type === BUILD_TARGET_MICRO && version_compare($this->getMicroVersion(), '0.2.0') >= 0)) {
-                cmd()->exec(getenv('UPX_EXEC') . ' --best ' . escapeshellarg($src));
+                cmd()->exec(getenv('UPX_EXEC') . ' --best ' . escapeshellarg($dst));
             }
         }
-
-        logger()->info('Deploying ' . $this->getBuildTypeName($type) . ' file');
-        FileSystem::createDir(BUILD_BIN_PATH);
-
-        cmd()->exec('copy ' . escapeshellarg($src) . ' ' . escapeshellarg(BUILD_BIN_PATH . '\\'));
-        return true;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/SPC/store/DirDiff.php b/src/SPC/store/DirDiff.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cd5c1d40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/store/DirDiff.php
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\store;
+
+/**
+ * A util class to diff directory file increments.
+ */
+class DirDiff
+{
+    protected array $before = [];
+
+    protected array $before_file_hashes = [];
+
+    public function __construct(protected string $dir, protected bool $track_content_changes = false)
+    {
+        $this->reset();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the baseline to current state.
+     */
+    public function reset(): void
+    {
+        $this->before = FileSystem::scanDirFiles($this->dir, relative: true) ?: [];
+
+        if ($this->track_content_changes) {
+            $this->before_file_hashes = [];
+            foreach ($this->before as $file) {
+                $this->before_file_hashes[$file] = md5_file($this->dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $file);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of incremented files.
+     *
+     * @param  bool          $relative Return relative paths or absolute paths
+     * @return array<string> List of incremented files
+     */
+    public function getIncrementFiles(bool $relative = false): array
+    {
+        $after = FileSystem::scanDirFiles($this->dir, relative: true) ?: [];
+        $diff = array_diff($after, $this->before);
+        if ($relative) {
+            return $diff;
+        }
+        return array_map(fn ($f) => $this->dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $f, $diff);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of changed files (including new files).
+     *
+     * @param  bool          $relative          Return relative paths or absolute paths
+     * @param  bool          $include_new_files Include new files as changed files
+     * @return array<string> List of changed files
+     */
+    public function getChangedFiles(bool $relative = false, bool $include_new_files = true): array
+    {
+        $after = FileSystem::scanDirFiles($this->dir, relative: true) ?: [];
+        $changed = [];
+        foreach ($after as $file) {
+            if (isset($this->before_file_hashes[$file])) {
+                $after_hash = md5_file($this->dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $file);
+                if ($after_hash !== $this->before_file_hashes[$file]) {
+                    $changed[] = $file;
+                }
+            } elseif ($include_new_files) {
+                // New file, consider as changed
+                $changed[] = $file;
+            }
+        }
+        if ($relative) {
+            return $changed;
+        }
+        return array_map(fn ($f) => $this->dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $f, $changed);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list of removed files.
+     *
+     * @param  bool          $relative Return relative paths or absolute paths
+     * @return array<string> List of removed files
+     */
+    public function getRemovedFiles(bool $relative = false): array
+    {
+        $after = FileSystem::scanDirFiles($this->dir, relative: true) ?: [];
+        $removed = array_diff($this->before, $after);
+        if ($relative) {
+            return $removed;
+        }
+        return array_map(fn ($f) => $this->dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $f, $removed);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/SPC/store/FileSystem.php b/src/SPC/store/FileSystem.php
index f6ce371e0..86daefc43 100644
--- a/src/SPC/store/FileSystem.php
+++ b/src/SPC/store/FileSystem.php
@@ -174,6 +174,9 @@ public static function copy(string $from, string $to): void
         logger()->debug("Copying file from {$from} to {$to}");
         $dst_path = FileSystem::convertPath($to);
         $src_path = FileSystem::convertPath($from);
+        if ($src_path === $dst_path) {
+            return;
+        }
         if (!copy($src_path, $dst_path)) {
             throw new FileSystemException('Cannot copy file from ' . $src_path . ' to ' . $dst_path);
         }
diff --git a/src/globals/test-extensions.php b/src/globals/test-extensions.php
index 43ce5d152..62d7d4112 100644
--- a/src/globals/test-extensions.php
+++ b/src/globals/test-extensions.php
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     'ubuntu-22.04-arm', // bin/spc-gnu-docker for arm64
     'ubuntu-24.04-arm', // bin/spc for arm64
     // 'windows-2022', // .\bin\spc.ps1
-    // 'windows-2025',
+    'windows-2025',
 ];
 
 // whether enable thread safe
@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@
 // If you want to test your added extensions and libs, add below (comma separated, example `bcmath,openssl`).
 $extensions = match (PHP_OS_FAMILY) {
     'Linux', 'Darwin' => 'rdkafka',
-    'Windows' => 'bcmath,bz2,calendar,ctype,curl,dom,exif,fileinfo,filter,ftp,iconv,xml,mbstring,mbregex,mysqlnd,openssl,pdo,pdo_mysql,pdo_sqlite,phar,session,simplexml,soap,sockets,sqlite3,tokenizer,xmlwriter,xmlreader,zlib,zip',
+    'Windows' => 'bcmath',
 };
 
 // If you want to test shared extensions, add them below (comma separated, example `bcmath,openssl`).
 $shared_extensions = match (PHP_OS_FAMILY) {
-    'Linux' => '',
-    'Darwin' => '',
+    'Linux' => 'snmp',
+    'Darwin' => 'snmp',
     'Windows' => '',
 };