Python: Add tests

Also fixes an issue with the return type annotations that caused these
to not work properly.

Currently, annotated assignments don't work properly, due to the fact
that our flow relation doesn't consider flow going to the "type" part of
an annotated assignment. This means that in `x : Foo`, we do correctly
note that `x` is annotated with `Foo`, but we have no idea what `Foo`
is, since it has no incoming flow.

To fix this we should probably just extend the flow relation, but this
may need to be done with some care, so I have left it as future work.

Author: tausbn

python/ql/lib/semmle/python/Exprs.qll

@@ -769,8 +769,8 @@ class Annotation extends Expr {
     or
     result = any(Parameter p | p.getAnnotation() = this)
     or
-    exists(FunctionExpr f |
-      this = f.getReturns() and result = f.getInnerScope().getReturnNode().getNode()
+    exists(FunctionExpr f, Return r |
+      this = f.getReturns() and r.getScope() = f.getInnerScope() and result = r.getValue()
     )
   }
 }

python/ql/test/experimental/library-tests/CallGraph-type-annotations/InlineCallGraphTest.expected

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+testFailures
+debug_callableNotUnique
+pointsTo_found_typeTracker_notFound
+typeTracker_found_pointsTo_notFound
+| type_annotations.py:6:5:6:14 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | Foo.method |
+| type_annotations.py:16:5:16:14 | ControlFlowNode for Attribute() | Foo.method |

python/ql/test/experimental/library-tests/CallGraph-type-annotations/InlineCallGraphTest.qlref

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../CallGraph/InlineCallGraphTest.ql

python/ql/test/experimental/library-tests/CallGraph-type-annotations/type_annotations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+class Foo:
+    def method(self):
+        pass
+
+def test_parameter_annotation(x: Foo):
+    x.method() #$ tt=Foo.method
+
+def test_no_parameter_annotation(x):
+    x.method()
+
+def function_with_return_annotation() -> Foo:
+    return eval("Foo()")
+
+def test_return_annotation():
+    x = function_with_return_annotation() #$ pt,tt=function_with_return_annotation
+    x.method() #$ tt=Foo.method
+
+def function_without_return_annotation():
+    return eval("Foo()")
+
+def test_no_return_annotation():
+    x = function_without_return_annotation() #$ pt,tt=function_without_return_annotation
+    x.method()
+
+def test_variable_annotation():
+    x = eval("Foo()")
+    x : Foo
+    # Currently fails because there is no flow from the class definition to the type annotation.
+    x.method() #$ MISSING: tt=Foo.method
+
+def test_no_variable_annotation():
+    x = eval("Foo()")
+    x.method()