I'm using Python 3.8.5. According to official Python docs (https://docs.python.org/3.8/library/stdtypes.html#mapping-types-dict): > Changed in version 3.7: Dictionary order is guaranteed to be insertion order. This behavior was an implementation detail of CPython from 3.6. So technically, in `test_dictionary_is_unordered()`, dict1 == dict2 should always return False. It doesn't for some reason I can't seem to work out. Playing around with the Python console: ``` >>> d1 {1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3} >>> d2 {2: 2, 1: 1, 3: 3} >>> d1 == d2 True >>> l1 [1, 2, 3] >>> l2 [2, 1, 3] >>> l1 == l2 False ``` I guess maybe this means that `==` means something slightly different for `dict` than I expected?