diff --git a/packages/virtualdom/src/index.ts b/packages/virtualdom/src/index.ts
index 21f0887dc..81135fdac 100644
--- a/packages/virtualdom/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/virtualdom/src/index.ts
@@ -126,6 +126,67 @@ type ElementAttrNames = (
 );
 
 
+
+/**
+ * The names of ARIA attributes for HTML elements.
+ *
+ * The attribute names are collected from
+ * https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#element-attrdef-aria-role
+ */
+export
+type ARIAAttrNames = (
+  'aria-activedescendant' |
+  'aria-atomic' |
+  'aria-autocomplete' |
+  'aria-busy' |
+  'aria-checked' |
+  'aria-colcount' |
+  'aria-colindex' |
+  'aria-colspan' |
+  'aria-controls' |
+  'aria-current' |
+  'aria-describedby' |
+  'aria-details' |
+  'aria-dialog' |
+  'aria-disabled' |
+  'aria-dropeffect' |
+  'aria-errormessage' |
+  'aria-expanded' |
+  'aria-flowto' |
+  'aria-grabbed' |
+  'aria-haspopup' |
+  'aria-hidden' |
+  'aria-invalid' |
+  'aria-keyshortcuts' |
+  'aria-label' |
+  'aria-labelledby' |
+  'aria-level' |
+  'aria-live' |
+  'aria-multiline' |
+  'aria-multiselectable' |
+  'aria-orientation' |
+  'aria-owns' |
+  'aria-placeholder' |
+  'aria-posinset' |
+  'aria-pressed' |
+  'aria-readonly' |
+  'aria-relevant' |
+  'aria-required' |
+  'aria-roledescription' |
+  'aria-rowcount' |
+  'aria-rowindex' |
+  'aria-rowspan' |
+  'aria-selected' |
+  'aria-setsize' |
+  'aria-sort' |
+  'aria-valuemax' |
+  'aria-valuemin' |
+  'aria-valuenow' |
+  'aria-valuetext' |
+  'role'
+);
+
+
 /**
  * The names of the supported HTML5 CSS property names.
  *
@@ -585,6 +646,19 @@ type ElementInlineStyle = {
 };
 
 
+/**
+ * The ARIA attributes for a virtual element node.
+ *
+ * These are the attributes which are applied to a real DOM element via
+ * `element.setAttribute()`. The supported attribute names are defined
+ * by the `ARIAAttrNames` type.
+ */
+export
+type ElementARIAAttrs = {
+  readonly [T in ARIAAttrNames]?: string;
+};
+
+
 /**
  * The base attributes for a virtual element node.
  *
@@ -657,12 +731,13 @@ type ElementSpecialAttrs = {
 /**
  * The full set of attributes supported by a virtual element node.
  *
- * This is the combination of the base element attributes, the inline
- * element event listeners, and the special element attributes.
+ * This is the combination of the base element attributes, the the ARIA attributes,
+ * the inline element event listeners, and the special element attributes.
  */
 export
 type ElementAttrs = (
   ElementBaseAttrs &
+  ElementARIAAttrs &
   ElementEventAttrs &
   ElementSpecialAttrs
 );
diff --git a/packages/widgets/src/menu.ts b/packages/widgets/src/menu.ts
index 49c3d19d1..76d95f1e2 100644
--- a/packages/widgets/src/menu.ts
+++ b/packages/widgets/src/menu.ts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ import {
 } from '@lumino/signaling';
 
 import {
-  ElementDataset, VirtualDOM, VirtualElement, h
+  ARIAAttrNames, ElementARIAAttrs, ElementDataset, VirtualDOM, VirtualElement, h
 } from '@lumino/virtualdom';
 
 import {
@@ -1149,8 +1149,9 @@ namespace Menu {
     renderItem(data: IRenderData): VirtualElement {
       let className = this.createItemClass(data);
       let dataset = this.createItemDataset(data);
+      let aria = this.createItemARIA(data);
       return (
-        h.li({ className, dataset },
+        h.li({ className, dataset, ...aria },
           this.renderIcon(data),
           this.renderLabel(data),
           this.renderShortcut(data),
@@ -1318,6 +1319,28 @@ namespace Menu {
       let extra = data.item.iconClass;
       return extra ? `${name} ${extra}` : name;
     }
+    
+    /**
+     * Create the aria attributes for menu item.
+     * 
+     * @param data - The data to use for the aria attributes.
+     * 
+     * @returns The aria attributes object for the item.
+     */
+    createItemARIA(data: IRenderData): ElementARIAAttrs {
+      let aria: {[T in ARIAAttrNames]?: string} = {};
+      switch (data.item.type) {
+      case 'separator':
+        aria.role = 'presentation';
+        break;
+      case 'submenu':
+        aria['aria-haspopup'] = 'true';
+        break;
+      default:
+        aria.role = 'menuitem';
+      }
+      return aria;
+    }
 
     /**
      * Create the render content for the label node.
@@ -1401,6 +1424,7 @@ namespace Private {
     content.classList.add('p-Menu-content');
     /* </DEPRECATED> */
     node.appendChild(content);
+    content.setAttribute('role', 'menu');
     node.tabIndex = -1;
     return node;
   }
diff --git a/packages/widgets/src/menubar.ts b/packages/widgets/src/menubar.ts
index 88a8cffc2..e16b99ae1 100644
--- a/packages/widgets/src/menubar.ts
+++ b/packages/widgets/src/menubar.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import {
 } from '@lumino/messaging';
 
 import {
-  ElementDataset, VirtualDOM, VirtualElement, h
+  ElementARIAAttrs, ElementDataset, VirtualDOM, VirtualElement, h
 } from '@lumino/virtualdom';
 
 import {
@@ -770,8 +770,9 @@ namespace MenuBar {
     renderItem(data: IRenderData): VirtualElement {
       let className = this.createItemClass(data);
       let dataset = this.createItemDataset(data);
+      let aria = this.createItemARIA(data);
       return (
-        h.li({ className, dataset },
+        h.li({ className, dataset, ...aria },
           this.renderIcon(data),
           this.renderLabel(data)
         )
@@ -850,6 +851,17 @@ namespace MenuBar {
       return data.title.dataset;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Create the aria attributes for menu bar item.
+     * 
+     * @param data - The data to use for the aria attributes.
+     * 
+     * @returns The aria attributes object for the item.
+     */
+    createItemARIA(data: IRenderData): ElementARIAAttrs {
+      return {role: 'menuitem', 'aria-haspopup': 'true'};
+    }
+
     /**
      * Create the class name for the menu bar item icon.
      *
@@ -924,6 +936,7 @@ namespace Private {
     content.classList.add('p-MenuBar-content');
     /* </DEPRECATED> */
     node.appendChild(content);
+    content.setAttribute('role', 'menubar');
     node.tabIndex = -1;
     return node;
   }