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| 1 | +/* |
| 2 | +* EJERCICIO: |
| 3 | +* Muestra ejemplos de todas las operaciones que puedes realizar con cadenas de caracteres |
| 4 | +* en tu lenguaje. Algunas de esas operaciones podrían ser (busca todas las que puedas): |
| 5 | +* - Acceso a caracteres específicos, subcadenas, longitud, concatenación, repetición, recorrido, |
| 6 | +* conversión a mayúsculas y minúsculas, reemplazo, división, unión, interpolación, verificación... |
| 7 | +* |
| 8 | +* DIFICULTAD EXTRA (opcional): |
| 9 | +* Crea un programa que analice dos palabras diferentes y realice comprobaciones |
| 10 | +* para descubrir si son: |
| 11 | +* - Palíndromos |
| 12 | +* - Anagramas |
| 13 | +* - Isogramas |
| 14 | +*/ |
| 15 | + |
| 16 | +/// [DIFICULTAD EXTRA]: |
| 17 | +void checkTwoWords(String word1, String word2) { |
| 18 | + /// Analizar si son [palíndromos] individualmente: |
| 19 | + var reversedWord1 = word1.split('').reversed.join(); |
| 20 | + var reversedWord2 = word2.split('').reversed.join(); |
| 21 | + print('¿"$word1" es palíndrome? : ${word1 == reversedWord1}'); |
| 22 | + print('¿"$word2" es palíndrome? : ${word2 == reversedWord2}'); |
| 23 | + |
| 24 | + /// Analizar si son [anagramas] entre sí: |
| 25 | + dynamic charsWord1 = word1.split('')..sort(); |
| 26 | + dynamic charsWord2 = word2.split('')..sort(); |
| 27 | + charsWord1 = charsWord1.join(); |
| 28 | + charsWord2 = charsWord2.join(); |
| 29 | + print('¿"$word1" y "$word2" son anagramas? : ${charsWord1 == charsWord2}'); |
| 30 | + |
| 31 | + /// Analizar si son [isogramas] individualmente: |
| 32 | + bool isIsogram(String word) { |
| 33 | + bool isIsogramWord = true; |
| 34 | + Set setWord = word.split('').toSet(); |
| 35 | + List listWord = setWord.toList(); |
| 36 | + for (var char in listWord) { |
| 37 | + var countChar = RegExp(char).allMatches(word).length; |
| 38 | + if (countChar > 1) { |
| 39 | + isIsogramWord = false; |
| 40 | + break; |
| 41 | + } |
| 42 | + } |
| 43 | + return isIsogramWord; |
| 44 | + } |
| 45 | + print('¿"$word1" es un isograma? : ${isIsogram(word1)}'); |
| 46 | + print('¿"$word2" es un isograma? : ${isIsogram(word2)}'); |
| 47 | +} |
| 48 | + |
| 49 | +void main() { |
| 50 | + /// Cadenas de ejemplo para operaciones: |
| 51 | + String myString = 'Hello, Dart!'; |
| 52 | + String text1 = 'Blue'; |
| 53 | + String text2 = 'Feather'; |
| 54 | + String text3 = 'Banana'; |
| 55 | + String text4 = ' Hello '; |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | + /// 1. [Concatenación]: |
| 58 | + print(text1 + ' ' + text2); // Blue Feather |
| 59 | + print('Blue' ' ' 'Feather'); // Blue Feather |
| 60 | + |
| 61 | + /// 2. [Repetición]: |
| 62 | + print(text1 * 2); // BlueBlue |
| 63 | + print(text2 * 3); // FeatherFeatherFeather |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | + /// 3. [Indexación]: |
| 66 | + print(text1[0]); // B |
| 67 | + print(text1[1]); // l |
| 68 | + print(text1[2]); // u |
| 69 | + print(text1[3]); // e |
| 70 | + print(text1[text1.length - 1]); // e |
| 71 | + |
| 72 | + /// 4. [Longitud]: |
| 73 | + print(text1.length); // 4 |
| 74 | + |
| 75 | + /// 5. [Slicing]: |
| 76 | + print(myString.substring(0, 5)); // Hello |
| 77 | + print(myString.substring(7, 11)); // Dart |
| 78 | + |
| 79 | + /// 6. [Búsqueda]: |
| 80 | + print(myString.contains('Dart')); // true |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | + /// 7. [Reemplazo]: |
| 83 | + print(text3.replaceAll('a', 'e')); // Benene |
| 84 | + print(text3.replaceAllMapped('a', |
| 85 | + (w) => 'e' // Benene |
| 86 | + )); |
| 87 | + print(text3.replaceFirst('a', 'e')); // Benana |
| 88 | + print(text3.replaceFirstMapped('a', |
| 89 | + (w) => 'e' // Benana |
| 90 | + )); |
| 91 | + print(text3.replaceRange(0, 2, 'Le')); // Lenana |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | + /// 8. [División]: |
| 94 | + print(myString.split(', ')); // [Hello, Dart!] |
| 95 | + |
| 96 | + /// 9. [Mayúsculas y minúsculas]: |
| 97 | + print(myString.toLowerCase()); // hello, dart! |
| 98 | + print(myString.toUpperCase()); // HELLO, DART! |
| 99 | + |
| 100 | + /// 10. [Eliminar espacio en extremos]: |
| 101 | + print(text4.trim()); // hello |
| 102 | + print(text4.trimLeft()); // hello |
| 103 | + print(text4.trimRight()); // hello |
| 104 | + |
| 105 | + /// 11. [Búsqueda al principio y al final]: |
| 106 | + print(text1.startsWith('B')); // true |
| 107 | + print(text1.startsWith('b')); // false |
| 108 | + print(text1.endsWith('e')); // true |
| 109 | + print(text1.endsWith('E')); // false |
| 110 | + |
| 111 | + /// 12. [Búsqueda de posición]: |
| 112 | + print(text1.indexOf('u')); // 2 |
| 113 | + print(myString.indexOf('Dart')); // 7 |
| 114 | + |
| 115 | + /// 13. [Búsqueda de ocurrencias]: |
| 116 | + final countA |
| 117 | + = RegExp('a').allMatches(text3).length; |
| 118 | + print(countA); // 3 |
| 119 | + |
| 120 | + /// 14. [Interpolación]: |
| 121 | + print('text1: ${text1}'); // text1: Blue |
| 122 | + print('text2: ${text2}'); // text2: Feather |
| 123 | + print('text3: ${text3}'); // text3: Banana |
| 124 | + |
| 125 | + /// 15. [Lista de caracteres]: |
| 126 | + print(text1.split('')); // [B, l, u, e] |
| 127 | + print(text2.split('')); // [F, e, a, t, h, e, r] |
| 128 | + print(text3.split('')); // [B, a, n, a, n, a] |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | + /// 16. [Lista de cadenas a cadena]: |
| 131 | + List<String> list = [text1, ' ', text2]; |
| 132 | + print(list.join()); // Blue Feather |
| 133 | + |
| 134 | + /// 17. [Cadenas a tipos numéricos]: |
| 135 | + print(int.parse('23')); // 23 |
| 136 | + print(double.parse('1.6180')); // 1.818 |
| 137 | + print(num.parse('23')); // 23 |
| 138 | + print(num.parse('1.6180')); // 1.818 |
| 139 | + |
| 140 | + /// 18. Otros métodos: `.allMatches()`: |
| 141 | + var exp = RegExp(r'a'); |
| 142 | + var found = exp.allMatches(text3); |
| 143 | + for (var match in found) { |
| 144 | + print('Match "${match.group(0)}" en posición ${match.start}'); |
| 145 | + } |
| 146 | + |
| 147 | + /// 19. Otros métodos: `.codeUnitAt()`: |
| 148 | + print(text1.codeUnitAt(0)); // 66 |
| 149 | + print(text1.codeUnitAt(1)); // 108 |
| 150 | + print(text1.codeUnitAt(2)); // 117 |
| 151 | + print(text1.codeUnitAt(3)); // 101 |
| 152 | + |
| 153 | + /// 20. Otros métodos: `.compareTo()`: |
| 154 | + print(text1.compareTo(text1)); // 0 |
| 155 | + print(text1.compareTo(text2)); // -1 |
| 156 | + print(text1.compareTo(text3)); // 1 |
| 157 | + |
| 158 | + /// 21. Otros métodos: `.lastIndexOf()`: |
| 159 | + print(text3.lastIndexOf('a')); // 5 |
| 160 | + |
| 161 | + /// 22. Otros métodos: `.matchAsPrefix()`: |
| 162 | + var regExp = RegExp(r'Dart'); |
| 163 | + var match = regExp.matchAsPrefix(myString, 7); |
| 164 | + print(match); // Match found |
| 165 | + |
| 166 | + /// 23. Otros métodos: `.padLeft()`: |
| 167 | + print(myString.padLeft(16, '+')); // ++++Hello, Dart! |
| 168 | + |
| 169 | + /// 24. Otros métodos: `.padRight()`: |
| 170 | + print(myString.padRight(16, '+')); // Hello, Dart!++++ |
| 171 | + |
| 172 | + /// 25. Otros métodos: `.splitMapJoin()`: |
| 173 | + print(text4.splitMapJoin(RegExp(r'Hello'), |
| 174 | + onMatch: (m) => '${m[0]}', |
| 175 | + onNonMatch: (n) => '*', |
| 176 | + )); // *Hello* |
| 177 | + |
| 178 | + /// 25. Otros métodos: `.toString()`: |
| 179 | + print(23.toString()); // '23' |
| 180 | + |
| 181 | + /// 26. [Getters de String]: |
| 182 | + print(myString.codeUnits); // [72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 44, 32, 68, 97, 114, 116, 33] |
| 183 | + print(myString.hashCode); // 181428680 |
| 184 | + print(myString.isEmpty); // false |
| 185 | + print(myString.isNotEmpty); // true |
| 186 | + print(myString.length); // 12 |
| 187 | + print(myString.runes); // (72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 44, 32, 68, 97, 114, 116, 33) |
| 188 | + print(myString.runtimeType); // String |
| 189 | + |
| 190 | + /// 27. Operador `*` en String: |
| 191 | + print('Hello' * 2); // HelloHello |
| 192 | + |
| 193 | + /// 28. Operador `+` en String: |
| 194 | + print('Hello' + ' ' + 'Dart'); // Hello Dart |
| 195 | + |
| 196 | + /// 29. Operador `==` en String: |
| 197 | + print('Flutter' == 'React'); // False |
| 198 | + |
| 199 | + /// 30. Operador `!=` en String: |
| 200 | + print('Flutter' != 'React'); // True |
| 201 | + |
| 202 | + /// 31. Operador `[]` en String: |
| 203 | + print('Hello'[1]); // e |
| 204 | + |
| 205 | + /// [DIFICULTAD EXTRA]: |
| 206 | + checkTwoWords('ana', 'john'); // ejemplo para palíndromes |
| 207 | + checkTwoWords('amor', 'roma'); // ejemplo para anagramas |
| 208 | + checkTwoWords('hola', 'hello'); // ejemplo para isogramas |
| 209 | +} |
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