Merge pull request #2985 from swiftlang/jgrynspan/image-attachment-tweaks

[ST-0017] Consolidate Swift Testing's image attachments API across platforms

Author: younata

proposals/testing/0017-image-attachment-consolidation.md

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+# Consolidate Swift Testing's image attachments API across platforms
+
+* Proposal: [ST-0017](0017-image-attachment-consolidation.md)
+* Authors: [Jonathan Grynspan](https://github.com/grynspan)
+* Review Manager: [Rachel Brindle](https://github.com/younata)
+* Status: **Active Review (October 22-30, 2025)**
+* Implementation: [swiftlang/swift-testing#1359](https://github.com/swiftlang/swift-testing/pull/1359)
+* Review: ([pitch](https://forums.swift.org/t/pitch-adjustments-to-image-attachments-in-swift-testing/82581), Review TBA)
+
+## Introduction
+
+This proposal includes a small number of adjustments to the API surface of Swift
+Testing's image attachments feature introduced in [ST-0014](0014-image-attachments-in-swift-testing-apple-platforms.md)
+and [ST-0015](0015-image-attachments-in-swift-testing-windows.md).
+
+## Motivation
+
+These changes will help to align the platform-specific interfaces of the feature
+more closely.
+
+## Proposed solution
+
+The `AttachableAsCGImage` and `AttachableAsIWICBitmapSource` protocols are
+combined into a single protocol, `AttachableAsImage` with adjusted protocol
+requirements; a change is made to `AttachableImageFormat` to more closely
+align its interface between Darwin and Windows; `AttachableImageFormat` is made
+to conform to `Equatable` and `Hashable`; and an additional property is added to
+`Attachment` to query its image format.
+
+## Detailed design
+
+The following changes are proposed:
+
+### Combining AttachableAsCGImage and AttachableAsIWICBitmapSource
+
+The `AttachableAsCGImage` and `AttachableAsIWICBitmapSource` protocols are
+combined into a single protocol, `AttachableAsImage`.
+
+These platform-specific requirements are removed:
+
+```diff
+- var attachableCGImage: CGImage { get throws }
+- func copyAttachableIWICBitmapSource() throws -> UnsafeMutablePointer<IWICBitmapSource>
+```
+
+They are replaced with a new requirement that encapsulates the image encoding
+operation. This requirement is implemented by the CoreGraphics and WinSDK
+overlays and is made publicly available for test authors who wish to declare
+additional conformances to this protocol for types that are not based on
+`CGImage` or `IWICBitmapSource`:
+
+```swift
+public protocol AttachableAsImage {
+  // ...
+  
+  /// Encode a representation of this image in a given image format.
+  ///
+  /// - Parameters:
+  ///   - imageFormat: The image format to use when encoding this image.
+  ///   - body: A function to call. A temporary buffer containing a data
+  ///     representation of this instance is passed to it.
+  ///
+  /// - Returns: Whatever is returned by `body`.
+  ///
+  /// - Throws: Whatever is thrown by `body`, or any error that prevented the
+  ///   creation of the buffer.
+  ///
+  /// The testing library uses this function when saving an image as an
+  /// attachment. The implementation should use `imageFormat` to determine what
+  /// encoder to use.
+  borrowing func withUnsafeBytes<R>(as imageFormat: AttachableImageFormat, _ body: (UnsafeRawBufferPointer) throws -> R) throws -> R
+}
+```
+
+If a developer has an image type that should conform to `AttachableAsImage` and
+wraps an instance of `CGImage` or `IWICBitmapSource`, it is straightforward for
+them to delegate to that object. For example:
+
+```swift
+import Testing
+import CoreGraphics
+
+struct MyImage {
+  var cgImage: CGImage
+  // ...
+}
+
+extension MyImage: AttachableAsImage {
+  func withUnsafeBytes<R>(as imageFormat: AttachableImageFormat, _ body: (UnsafeRawBufferPointer) throws -> R) throws -> R {
+    try cgImage.withUnsafeBytes(as: imageFormat, body)
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Adjusting AttachableImageFormat
+
+The following Apple-specific `AttachableImageFormat` initializer is renamed so
+that its first argument has an explicit label:
+
+```diff
+ public struct AttachableImageFormat {
+   // ...
+-  public init(_ contentType: UTType, encodingQuality: Float = 1.0)
++  public init(contentType: UTType, encodingQuality: Float = 1.0)
+ }
+```
+
+This change makes the type's interface more consistent between Darwin and
+Windows (where it has an `init(encoderCLSID:encodingQuality:)` initializer.)
+
+As well, conformances to `Equatable`, `Hashable`, `CustomStringConvertible`, and
+`CustomDebugStringConvertible` are added:
+
+```swift
+extension AttachableImageFormat: Equatable, Hashable {}
+extension AttachableImageFormat: CustomStringConvertible, CustomDebugStringConvertible {}
+```
+
+Conformance to `Equatable` is necessary to correctly implement the
+`withUnsafeBytes(as:_:)` protocol requirement mentioned above, and conformance
+to `Hashable` is generally useful and straightforward to implement. Conformance
+to `CustomStringConvertible` and `CustomDebugStringConvertible` allows for
+better diagnostic output (especially if an encoding failure occurs.)
+
+### Adding an imageFormat property to Attachment
+
+The following property is added to `Attachment` when the attachable value is an
+image:
+
+```swift
+extension Attachment where AttachableValue: AttachableWrapper,
+                           AttachableValue.Wrapped: AttachableAsImage {
+  /// The image format to use when encoding the represented image.
+  public var imageFormat: AttachableImageFormat? { get }
+}
+```
+
+## Source compatibility
+
+These changes are breaking for anyone who has created a type that conforms to
+either `AttachableAsCGImage` or `AttachableAsIWICBitmapSource`, or anyone who
+has adopted `AttachableImageFormat.init(_:encodingQuality:)`.
+
+This feature is new in Swift 6.3 and has not shipped to developers outside of
+nightly toolchain builds. As such, we feel confident that any real-world impact
+to developers will be both minimal and manageable.
+
+## Integration with supporting tools
+
+No changes.
+
+## Future directions
+
+N/A
+
+## Alternatives considered
+
+- Leaving the two protocols separate. Combining them allows us to lower more
+  code into the main Swift Testing library and improves our ability to generate
+  DocC documentation, while also simplifying the story for developers who want
+  to use this feature across platforms.
+
+## Acknowledgments
+
+Thanks to my colleagues for their feedback on the image attachments feature and
+to the Swift community for putting up with the churn!