Security Updates: Upgrade to go-ethereum v1.13.15, Go 1.24, and Alpine Linux patches

[VirtualAdam]

Fixes #1759

Summary

This PR contributes production-tested security improvements for Quorum, addressing multiple CVEs and security vulnerabilities through dependency upgrades and Docker base image hardening.

Changes

go-ethereum v1.13.15 Upgrade (Major Security Fix)

• Resolves 10 tracked security vulnerabilities
• Includes critical fixes in:
  • eth/protocols/snap/handler.go - Snap protocol security fix
  • trie/trie.go - Trie vulnerability patch
  • params/version.go - Version tracking

Build System Updates

• Go 1.21 → Go 1.24 upgrade in Dockerfile
• Updated build environment for better security and stability

Alpine Linux Security Patches

• Alpine Linux 3.20 base image with security updates:
  • busybox 1.36.1-r29+ - CVE fixes (Advisory 511246)
  • openssl 3.3.2-r0+, libssl3 3.3.2-r0+, libcrypto3 3.3.2-r0+ - CVE fixes (Advisory 514077)
  • curl 8.9.0-r0+, libcurl 8.9.0-r0+ - CVE fixes (Advisory 513861)
  • musl 1.2.5-r1+, musl-utils 1.2.5-r1+ - CVE fixes (Advisory 517049)

Go Module Updates

• Updated go.mod and go.sum with security-patched dependencies

Testing

Quorum Acceptance Tests: These changes have been validated with the Quorum acceptance test suite in the Microsoft enterprise environment.

Security Tested: All known CVEs addressed and verified

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Note

Upgrade geth to v1.13.15 and Go 1.24.8, harden Docker images with Alpine CVE patches, refresh modules, and add small snap/trie safety checks.

• Versioning:
  • Bump geth to v1.13.15 (VERSION, params/version.go).
• Build/CI:
  • Upgrade Go to 1.24.8 in go.mod and GitHub Actions workflow (.github/workflows/build.yml).
  • Refresh Go module versions in go.mod.
• Docker:
  • Switch builders to golang:1.24-alpine (Dockerfile, Dockerfile.alltools).
  • Update runtime to alpine:3.20 and explicitly install patched busybox, openssl/libssl3/libcrypto3, curl/libcurl, and musl (Dockerfile).
• Code safety fixes:
  • eth/protocols/snap/handler.go: guard against nil accounts when serving trie nodes.
  • trie/trie.go: prevent retrieving a node from nil and return clear errors in tryGetNode.

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