PHPOffice · oleibman · Aug 7, 2025 · Aug 1, 2025 · Aug 7, 2025 · Aug 7, 2025
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -36,9 +36,12 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org). Thia is a
 
 ### Fixed
 
+- Create uninitialized cell if used in calculation. [Issue #4558](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/4558) [Issue #4530](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/4530) [PR #4565](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/4565)
 - Shared/Date::isDateTime handle cells which calculate as arrays. [Issue #4557](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/4557) [PR #4562](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/4562)
 - Xlsx Writer eliminate xml:space from non-text nodes. [Issue #4542](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/issues/4542) [PR #4556](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/4556)## 2025-07-23 - 4.5.0
 
+## 2025-07-23 - 4.5.0
+
 ### Added
 
 - Add to all readers the option to allow or forbid fetching external images. This is unconditionally allowed now. The default will be set to "allow", so no code changes are necessary. However, we are giving consideration to changing the default. [PR #4543](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/4543)

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Calculation.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Calculation.php
@@ -2010,6 +2010,9 @@ private function processTokenStack(false|array $tokens, ?string $cellID = null,
                             $this->debugLog->writeDebugLog('Evaluating Cell %s in worksheet %s', $cellRef, $matches[2]);
                             if ($pCellParent !== null && $this->spreadsheet !== null) {
                                 $cellSheet = $this->spreadsheet->getSheetByName($matches[2]);
+                                if ($cellSheet && !$cellSheet->cellExists($cellRef)) {
+                                    $cellSheet->setCellValue($cellRef, null);
+                                }
                                 if ($cellSheet && $cellSheet->cellExists($cellRef)) {
                                     $cellValue = $this->extractCellRange($cellRef, $this->spreadsheet->getSheetByName($matches[2]), false);
                                     $cell->attach($pCellParent);
@@ -2514,7 +2517,7 @@ protected function raiseFormulaError(string $errorMessage, int $code = 0, ?Throw
      *
      * @return mixed[] Array of values in range if range contains more than one element. Otherwise, a single value is returned.
      */
-    public function extractCellRange(string &$range = 'A1', ?Worksheet $worksheet = null, bool $resetLog = true): array
+    public function extractCellRange(string &$range = 'A1', ?Worksheet $worksheet = null, bool $resetLog = true, bool $createCell = false): array
     {
         // Return value
         /** @var mixed[][] */
@@ -2536,6 +2539,9 @@ public function extractCellRange(string &$range = 'A1', ?Worksheet $worksheet =
             if (!isset($aReferences[1])) {
                 //    Single cell in range
                 sscanf($aReferences[0], '%[A-Z]%d', $currentCol, $currentRow);
+                if ($createCell && $worksheet !== null && !$worksheet->cellExists($aReferences[0])) {
+                    $worksheet->setCellValue($aReferences[0], null);
+                }
                 if ($worksheet !== null && $worksheet->cellExists($aReferences[0])) {
                     $temp = $worksheet->getCell($aReferences[0])->getCalculatedValue($resetLog);
                     if ($this->getInstanceArrayReturnType() === self::RETURN_ARRAY_AS_ARRAY) {
@@ -2552,6 +2558,9 @@ public function extractCellRange(string &$range = 'A1', ?Worksheet $worksheet =
                 foreach ($aReferences as $reference) {
                     // Extract range
                     sscanf($reference, '%[A-Z]%d', $currentCol, $currentRow);
+                    if ($createCell && $worksheet !== null && !$worksheet->cellExists($reference)) {
+                        $worksheet->setCellValue($reference, null);
+                    }
                     if ($worksheet !== null && $worksheet->cellExists($reference)) {
                         $temp = $worksheet->getCell($reference)->getCalculatedValue($resetLog);
                         if ($this->getInstanceArrayReturnType() === self::RETURN_ARRAY_AS_ARRAY) {

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/Amortization.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/Amortization.php
@@ -54,9 +54,7 @@ public static function AMORDEGRC(
         $salvage = Functions::flattenSingleValue($salvage);
         $period = Functions::flattenSingleValue($period);
         $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $cost = FinancialValidations::validateFloat($cost);
@@ -141,9 +139,7 @@ public static function AMORLINC(
         $salvage = Functions::flattenSingleValue($salvage);
         $period = Functions::flattenSingleValue($period);
         $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $cost = FinancialValidations::validateFloat($cost);

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/CashFlow/Constant/Periodic.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/CashFlow/Constant/Periodic.php
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ public static function futureValue(
     ): string|float {
         $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
         $numberOfPeriods = Functions::flattenSingleValue($numberOfPeriods);
-        $payment = ($payment === null) ? 0.0 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($payment);
-        $presentValue = ($presentValue === null) ? 0.0 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($presentValue);
-        $type = ($type === null) ? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD : Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);
+        $payment = Functions::flattenSingleValue($payment) ?? 0.0;
+        $presentValue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($presentValue) ?? 0.0;
+        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type) ?? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD;
 
         try {
             $rate = CashFlowValidations::validateRate($rate);
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ public static function presentValue(
     ): string|float {
         $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
         $numberOfPeriods = Functions::flattenSingleValue($numberOfPeriods);
-        $payment = ($payment === null) ? 0.0 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($payment);
-        $futureValue = ($futureValue === null) ? 0.0 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($futureValue);
-        $type = ($type === null) ? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD : Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);
+        $payment = Functions::flattenSingleValue($payment) ?? 0.0;
+        $futureValue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($futureValue) ?? 0.0;
+        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type) ?? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD;
 
         try {
             $rate = CashFlowValidations::validateRate($rate);
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ public static function periods(
         $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
         $payment = Functions::flattenSingleValue($payment);
         $presentValue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($presentValue);
-        $futureValue = ($futureValue === null) ? 0.0 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($futureValue);
-        $type = ($type === null) ? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD : Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);
+        $futureValue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($futureValue) ?? 0.0;
+        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type) ?? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD;
 
         try {
             $rate = CashFlowValidations::validateRate($rate);

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/CashFlow/Constant/Periodic/Cumulative.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/CashFlow/Constant/Periodic/Cumulative.php
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ public static function interest(
         $presentValue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($presentValue);
         $start = Functions::flattenSingleValue($start);
         $end = Functions::flattenSingleValue($end);
-        $type = ($type === null) ? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD : Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);
+        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type) ?? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD;
 
         try {
             $rate = CashFlowValidations::validateRate($rate);
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ public static function principal(
         $presentValue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($presentValue);
         $start = Functions::flattenSingleValue($start);
         $end = Functions::flattenSingleValue($end);
-        $type = ($type === null) ? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD : Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);
+        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type) ?? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD;
 
         try {
             $rate = CashFlowValidations::validateRate($rate);

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/CashFlow/Constant/Periodic/Interest.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/CashFlow/Constant/Periodic/Interest.php
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ public static function payment(
         $numberOfPeriods = Functions::flattenSingleValue($numberOfPeriods);
         $presentValue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($presentValue);
         $futureValue = ($futureValue === null) ? 0.0 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($futureValue);
-        $type = ($type === null) ? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD : Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);
+        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type) ?? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD;
 
         try {
             $interestRate = CashFlowValidations::validateRate($interestRate);
@@ -160,9 +160,9 @@ public static function rate(
         $numberOfPeriods = Functions::flattenSingleValue($numberOfPeriods);
         $payment = Functions::flattenSingleValue($payment);
         $presentValue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($presentValue);
-        $futureValue = ($futureValue === null) ? 0.0 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($futureValue);
-        $type = ($type === null) ? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD : Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);
-        $guess = ($guess === null) ? 0.1 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($guess);
+        $futureValue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($futureValue) ?? 0.0;
+        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type) ?? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD;
+        $guess = Functions::flattenSingleValue($guess) ?? 0.1;
 
         try {
             $numberOfPeriods = CashFlowValidations::validateFloat($numberOfPeriods);

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/CashFlow/Constant/Periodic/Payments.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/CashFlow/Constant/Periodic/Payments.php
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@ public static function annuity(
         mixed $interestRate,
         mixed $numberOfPeriods,
         mixed $presentValue,
-        mixed $futureValue = 0,
+        mixed $futureValue = 0.0,
         mixed $type = FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD
     ): string|float {
         $interestRate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($interestRate);
         $numberOfPeriods = Functions::flattenSingleValue($numberOfPeriods);
         $presentValue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($presentValue);
-        $futureValue = ($futureValue === null) ? 0.0 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($futureValue);
-        $type = ($type === null) ? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD : Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);
+        $futureValue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($futureValue) ?? 0.0;
+        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type) ?? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD;
 
         try {
             $interestRate = CashFlowValidations::validateRate($interestRate);
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public static function interestPayment(
         $numberOfPeriods = Functions::flattenSingleValue($numberOfPeriods);
         $presentValue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($presentValue);
         $futureValue = ($futureValue === null) ? 0.0 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($futureValue);
-        $type = ($type === null) ? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD : Functions::flattenSingleValue($type);
+        $type = Functions::flattenSingleValue($type) ?? FinancialConstants::PAYMENT_END_OF_PERIOD;
 
         try {
             $interestRate = CashFlowValidations::validateRate($interestRate);

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/Coupons.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/Coupons.php
@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@ public static function COUPDAYBS(
         $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
         $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
         $frequency = Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $settlement = FinancialValidations::validateSettlementDate($settlement);
@@ -110,9 +108,7 @@ public static function COUPDAYS(
         $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
         $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
         $frequency = Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $settlement = FinancialValidations::validateSettlementDate($settlement);
@@ -179,9 +175,7 @@ public static function COUPDAYSNC(
         $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
         $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
         $frequency = Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $settlement = FinancialValidations::validateSettlementDate($settlement);
@@ -244,9 +238,7 @@ public static function COUPNCD(
         $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
         $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
         $frequency = Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $settlement = FinancialValidations::validateSettlementDate($settlement);
@@ -296,9 +288,7 @@ public static function COUPNUM(
         $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
         $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
         $frequency = Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $settlement = FinancialValidations::validateSettlementDate($settlement);
@@ -355,9 +345,7 @@ public static function COUPPCD(
         $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
         $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
         $frequency = Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $settlement = FinancialValidations::validateSettlementDate($settlement);

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/Securities/AccruedInterest.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/Securities/AccruedInterest.php
@@ -60,12 +60,8 @@ public static function periodic(
         $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
         $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
         $parValue = ($parValue === null) ? 1000 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($parValue);
-        $frequency = ($frequency === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::FREQUENCY_ANNUAL
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $frequency = Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency) ?? FinancialConstants::FREQUENCY_ANNUAL;
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $issue = SecurityValidations::validateIssueDate($issue);
@@ -126,9 +122,7 @@ public static function atMaturity(
         $settlement = Functions::flattenSingleValue($settlement);
         $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
         $parValue = ($parValue === null) ? 1000 : Functions::flattenSingleValue($parValue);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $issue = SecurityValidations::validateIssueDate($issue);

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/Securities/Price.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/Financial/Securities/Price.php
@@ -53,9 +53,7 @@ public static function price(
         $yield = Functions::flattenSingleValue($yield);
         $redemption = Functions::flattenSingleValue($redemption);
         $frequency = Functions::flattenSingleValue($frequency);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $settlement = SecurityValidations::validateSettlementDate($settlement);
@@ -120,9 +118,7 @@ public static function priceDiscounted(
         $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
         $discount = Functions::flattenSingleValue($discount);
         $redemption = Functions::flattenSingleValue($redemption);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $settlement = SecurityValidations::validateSettlementDate($settlement);
@@ -179,9 +175,7 @@ public static function priceAtMaturity(
         $issue = Functions::flattenSingleValue($issue);
         $rate = Functions::flattenSingleValue($rate);
         $yield = Functions::flattenSingleValue($yield);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $settlement = SecurityValidations::validateSettlementDate($settlement);
@@ -255,9 +249,7 @@ public static function received(
         $maturity = Functions::flattenSingleValue($maturity);
         $investment = Functions::flattenSingleValue($investment);
         $discount = Functions::flattenSingleValue($discount);
-        $basis = ($basis === null)
-            ? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD
-            : Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis);
+        $basis = Functions::flattenSingleValue($basis) ?? FinancialConstants::BASIS_DAYS_PER_YEAR_NASD;
 
         try {
             $settlement = SecurityValidations::validateSettlementDate($settlement);