Cache non-exist timeseries metadata to reduce IO

[jt2594838]

When repeatedly querying a timeseries that is not in a TsFile and the bloomfilter fails to filter it, each query will result in a necessary IO.

Since TsFile is immutable, we can cache a placeholder to indicate the non-existence.

In a test, 10000 series were written into a TsFile, then 20000 series (only 10000 exist) were queried from the file.
The result shows a significant reduction in query time.

warming up
Do not cache non-exist series
time cost with outer k: 460ms
time cost with inner k: 199ms
Cache non-exist series
time cost with outer k: 200ms
time cost with inner k: 151ms
actual test
Do not cache non-exist series
time cost with outer k: 189ms
time cost with inner k: 187ms
Cache non-exist series
time cost with outer k: 156ms
time cost with inner k: 152ms

For 0.25M timeseries

warming up
Do not cache non-exist series
time cost with outer k: 15580ms
time cost with inner k: 13881ms
Cache non-exist series
time cost with outer k: 11843ms
time cost with inner k: 10173ms
actual test
Do not cache non-exist series
time cost with outer k: 14940ms
time cost with inner k: 13383ms
Cache non-exist series
time cost with outer k: 11451ms
time cost with inner k: 10177ms

For 1M timeseries

warming up
Do not cache non-exist series
time cost with outer k: 67343ms
time cost with inner k: 55918ms
Cache non-exist series
time cost with outer k: 65831ms
time cost with inner k: 43465ms
actual test
Do not cache non-exist series
time cost with outer k: 67438ms
time cost with inner k: 56995ms
Cache non-exist series
time cost with outer k: 56674
time cost with inner k: 45369ms

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 81.25000% with 9 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 38.71%. Comparing base (4e2b3b9) to head (d898f71).
⚠️ Report is 2 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
.../storageengine/buffer/TimeSeriesMetadataCache.java	77.50%	9 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master   #16606      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     38.70%   38.71%   +0.01%     
  Complexity      207      207              
============================================
  Files          4940     4940              
  Lines        327262   327306      +44     
  Branches      41569    41572       +3     
============================================
+ Hits         126672   126732      +60     
+ Misses       200590   200574      -16     

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[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud