feat(bindings/c): async stat, read, write ,delete

[asukaminato0721]

Which issue does this PR close?

part of #5366 .
part of #1741

Rationale for this change

What changes are included in this PR?

add c async stat support

Are there any user-facing changes?

user can use c async stat.

[Xuanwo]

Hi, I tend to leave the C binding AS IS until we have an actual user utilizing the C binding in a production environment who can show us how they use the library’s async API. Alternatively, we could wait until we have a comprehensive design for how the C binding’s async functionality should work. For example, how should we handle the existing Tokio code? Should we consider splitting the library into a blocking version and an async version? We can wait for #6082 to reach a consensus.

I'm concerned about choosing a direction without sufficient information. In fact, the C binding itself is powered by Tokio, which runs all I/O asynchronously, but currently, we only provide users with a blocking API.

[Xuanwo]

Hi, how about starting a discussion about the design before add more changes in this PR?

[asukaminato0721]

Hi, how about starting a discussion about the design before add more changes in this PR?

ok.

here is link #6082 (comment)