Series replace error

doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst

@@ -484,6 +484,7 @@ Other Removals
 - Removed the ``method`` keyword in ``ExtensionArray.fillna``, implement ``ExtensionArray._pad_or_backfill`` instead (:issue:`53621`)
 - Removed the attribute ``dtypes`` from :class:`.DataFrameGroupBy` (:issue:`51997`)
 - Enforced deprecation of ``argmin``, ``argmax``, ``idxmin``, and ``idxmax`` returning a result when ``skipna=False`` and an NA value is encountered or all values are NA values; these operations will now raise in such cases (:issue:`33941`, :issue:`51276`)
+- Replaced ``AttributeError`` with ``ValueError`` when using :meth:`Series.replace` with ``dict_like`` and ``dict_like`` (:issue:`59452`)
 
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 .. _whatsnew_300.performance:

pandas/core/generic.py

@@ -7486,9 +7486,13 @@ def replace(
                 if inplace:
                     return None
                 return self.copy(deep=False)
-
             if is_dict_like(to_replace):
                 if is_dict_like(value):  # {'A' : NA} -> {'A' : 0}
+                    is_series = isinstance(self, ABCSeries)
+                    if is_series:
+                        raise ValueError(
+                            "Series.replace cannot use dict-like to_replace dict-like."
+                        )
                     # Note: Checking below for `in foo.keys()` instead of
                     #  `in foo` is needed for when we have a Series and not dict
                     mapping = {

pandas/tests/series/methods/test_replace.py

@@ -496,6 +496,15 @@ def test_replace_only_one_dictlike_arg(self, fixed_now_ts):
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
             ser.replace(to_replace, value)
 
+    def test_replace_dict_like_with_dict_like(self):
+        # GH 59452
+        s = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+        to_replace = pd.Series([1])
+        value = pd.Series([75])
+        msg = "Series.replace cannot use dict-like to_replace dict-like."
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
+            s.replace(to_replace, value)
+
     def test_replace_extension_other(self, frame_or_series):
         # https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/34530
         obj = frame_or_series(pd.array([1, 2, 3], dtype="Int64"))