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04 Different sidebars and footers
It was mentioned earlier (section 3.3 ) that the PS Wiki pages require the ability for each Wiki page to have its own sidebar and footer (rather than using the default sidebar and footer created using GitHub). It turns out that this is remarkably easy, the only problem being that it has to be done on a local machine and then pushed to GitHub. It can’t be done via the GitHub website directly.
To make a sidebar and footer unique to a page, or to a group of pages, simply put the page in a subfolder and then create the files _Sidebar.md
and _Footer.md
within that same subfolder and the these will be used in place of the default sidebar and footer files in the root directory.
It can be seen here for the PracticalSeries PAL Software Wiki:
![]() |
Figure 4.1 — Individual sidebars and footers for different pages |
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GitHub Wikis always use the _Sidebar.md
and _Footer.md
files in the subfolder containing the page being displayed in preference to those in the root folder.
In the image above, both the CaseNotes.md
and Licence.md
pages have the same sidebar and footer, this is because they are both in the same subfolder 00-0000
.
It really is that simple.
If there is no _Sidebar.md
or _Footer.md
files in the current subdirectory, GitHub will use the default _Sidebar.md
or _Footer.md
file in the root directory (containing the Home.md
file) instead.
Sidebars are just an area that appears at the top-right side of the page, the PAL Software side bar for the home page looks like this:
![]() |
Figure 4.2 — Sidebar arrangement |
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By default, the sidebar is 296 pixels wide (it won’t get any wider than this irrespective of the browser window size) and has a usable area that is 262 pixels wide.
If the browser window width contracts to less than 996 pixels wide, the sidebar is reduced in width to 256 pixels with a usable area that is 233 pixels wide (see below):
![]() |
Figure 4.3 — Reduced with sidebar for smaller browser windows |
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The main content window also begins to narrow at this browser width.
If the browser window width drops below 752 pixels, the sidebar is moved from the side to the bottom of the page (ironically, it appears after the footer).
Sidebars are generally used to provide a user configurable table of contents, and this is exactly what the PracticalSeries Wikis do:
The PracticalSeries Wiki sidebar shows the contents of the Wiki with the section applicable to the current page expanded and all other sections collapsed to just the chapter number.
The sidebar also provides a fairly simple navigation bar, both are highlighted below:
![]() |
Figure 4.4 — Components of the PracticalSeries sidebar |
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Everything in the sidebar is user configurable (by default, the sidebar is entirely empty). In the case of the PracticalSeries Wiki sidebar, the title (of every sidebar) is always
The navigation bar is a simple tool for navigating between previous and next pages, the home screen and previous and next chapters, the icons are as follows:
![]() |
Figure 4.5 — Navigation bar |
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Section 15.1 contains full detail of how this navigation bar is built.
Below the navigation bar is a table of contents, this shows the sections applicable to the current chapter expanded and all other chapters collapsed to just the chapter number. Any section can be expanded or collapsed by clicking the little black arrow next to the chapter number. Section 12 explains how the table of contents is constructed and how the collapsing arrangement works.
Footers are just an area that appears at the bottom of the page (same width as the main page content), the PAL Software footer like this:
![]() |
Figure 4.5 — Footer arrangement |
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By default, the footer is 897 pixels wide (it won’t get any wider than this irrespective of the browser window size) and has a usable width of 850 pixels.
If the browser window width contracts to less than 996 pixels wide, the footer is reduced in width in line with the main contents area.
Footers are generally used to provide copyright, licence and colophonic information.
The PracticalSeries Wiki footer (see figure above) shows the same navigation bar that is used in the sidebar (see section 4.1. Full detail of how this navigation bar is constructed is given in section 15.1).
The footer also contains copyright and contact details (these are common to all footers).
Finally, like the sidebar, there is an identifier that shows the associated folder number in abbreviated form (see section 15.2 and section 16.6.1 for details of how to produce these imag-es).
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The PracticalSeries of Publications — Copyright © 2025 Michael Gledhill
⬆️ Top | [email protected] | PracticalSeries of Publications | Main repository
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Licence
The licences and other details
The Licence
Why did I choose the MIT Licence?
Permissive licences
Copyleft licence
Limiting liabilities
Which licence to use?
A note on spelling: licence or license
1 Introducing the GitHub Wiki
1.1 What are GitHub Wiki pages?
1.2 Understanding the Wiki pages
1.3 Creating a Wiki for a repository
1.3.1 Creating the first Wiki page
1.3.2 Creating additional pages
1.3.3 Editing a Wiki page
1.4 The Wiki is its own repository
1.4.1 Viewing a Wiki page history
1.4.2 How GitHub handles Wiki branche
1.4.3 The Wiki link to the main repository
1.5 Basic components of a Wiki page
1.5.1 Title bar and revision
1.5.2 Contents (pages) area
Listing pages in the order you want
1.5.3 Sidebars
1.5.4 Footers
1.6 Sidebars and footers
1.6.1 Creating a sidebar and footer
2 Cloning a Wiki
2.1 Why clone a Wiki?
2.2 How to clone a Wiki
2.3 Pushing local changes to GitHub
2.3.1 Configuring username and email
2.3.2 Modifying the local repository
2.3.3 Committing and synchronising
3 A Wiki folder structure
3.1 The default arrangement
3.2 Create a sidebar or footer locally
3.3 Page naming and Wiki limits
3.3.1 Supported file types
3.3.2 Page names and numbering
3.3.3 Rules for page numbering
3.3.4 Limits for Wiki pages
3.4 A Practical Wiki folder structure
3.4.1 Subfolder names for Wiki pages
3.4.2 Storing images and other data
4 Different sidebars and footers
4.1 How sidebars work
4.1.1 The PracticalSeries sidebar
4.2 How footers work
4.2.1 The PracticalSeries footer
5 Markdown, GitHub Markdown and HTML
5.1 Some useful Markdown sites
5.2 An overview of Markdown
5.3 How Markdown works
5.4 Markdown flavours
5.4.1 GitHub Flavoured Markdown (GFM)
5.5 HTML and Markdown
5.5.1 HTML with GFM
GFM blacklisted HTML tags
GFM whitelisted HTML tags
GFM HTML tags - the grey area
GFM whitelisted HTML attributes
5.5.2 PracticalSeries and Markdown
5.6 Markdown difference between files
6 Basic Markdown and text formatting
6.1 Body text and fonts
6.1.1 Body text responsive design
6.1.2 Body text in sidebars and footers
6.1.3 Rules for body text
6.1.4 Body text examples
6.1.5 Alignment of Body text
Left aligned text (default)
Right aligned text
Centred text
Justified text
6.1.6 Body text propertie
6.2 Paragraphs and line breaks
6.2.1 Forced line break
6.2.2 Blank line and a line break
6.2.3 Trailing space line break
6.2.4 Paragraph and line break rules
6.2.5 Paragraph and line break examples
6.3 Horizontal line
6.3.1 Rules for horizontal lines
6.4 Emphasis with bold
6.4.1 Rules for bold
6.4.2 Bold text examples
6.5 Emphasis with italics
6.5.1 Rules for italics
6.5.2 Italic text examples
6.6 Emphasis with bold and italics
6.6.1 Rules for bold and italics
6.6.2 Bold and italic text examples
6.7 Emphasis with underlining
6.7.1 Rules for underlining
6.7.2 Underlining text examples
6.8 Emphasis with strikethrough
6.8.1 Rules for strikethrough
6.8.2 Strikethrough text examples
6.9 Superscript and subscript
6.9.1 Rules for superscript and subscript
6.9.2 Superscript and subscript examples
6.10 Headings
Alternatives for heading 1 and 2
6.10.1 Headings Markdown rules
6.10.2 Heading properties
7 Special characters and escaping characters
7.1 Escape characters and codes
7.1.1 Markdown escape sequences
7.1.2 HTML escape sequences
7.1.3 Decimal and hexadecimal codes
Hexadecimal escape codes
7.2 Special space characters
7.2.1 Escape sequence restrictions
7.3 Emojis and emoticons
A note by the Author about emojis
7.4 Comments
8 Block quotes, lists and alerts
8.1 Block quotes
8.1.1 Nested block quotes
8.1.2 Adding other elements
8.1.3 Rules for block quotes
8.2 Unordered (unnumbered) lists
8.2.1 Nested unordered lists
8.2.2 Type of bullet point
8.2.3 Indents and spacing
8.2.4 Numbers in an unordered list
8.2.5 Adding paragraphs
8.2.6 Adding other elements
8.2.7 Rules for unordered lists
8.3 Ordered (numbered) lists
8.3.1 Starting at a different number
8.3.2 Nested ordered lists
8.3.3 Type of numbering
8.3.4 Indents and spacing
8.3.5 Adding paragraphs
8.3.6 Adding other elements
8.3.7 Rules for ordered lists
8.4 Mixing ordered and unordered lists
8.5 Task lists (check boxes)
8.5.1 Nested task lists
8.6 Alerts
8.6.1 Rules for alerts
9 Links
9.1 Link to an external web page
9.1.1 A direct link to a URL
9.1.2 A link using substitute text
9.1.3 A link using tooltips
9.2 Link to another page in the Wiki
9.2.1 Rules for linking to a Wiki page
9.3 Link to headings on current page
9.3.1 Converting a heading to a link
9.3.2 An example of a heading link
9.3.3 Heading link with tooltips
9.4 Link to headings on a different page
9.4.1 An example of a heading link
9.5 Link to a named element
A note by the Author
9.5.1 Link to a point on another page
9.6 Downloading a file
9.6.1 The download attribute
9.6.2 Spaces in filenames
9.6.3 Downloading a .md file
9.7 Reference style links
9.8 Relative links
9.8.1 Relative links from any Wiki page
10 Tables
10.1 Markdown tables
10.1.1 Horizontal alignment
10.1.2 Table construction
10.1.3 Vertical line breaks and alignment
10.1.4 Making columns wider
10.1.5 Other elements in a table
10.1.6 Markdown table restrictions
10.2 HTML tables
10.2.1 A basic HTML table
10.2.2 Aligning a table on a page
10.2.3 Text wrap and side-by-side tables
What this means in practice
The problem with the align attribute
How to stop text wrapping
10.2.4 Setting the width of a table column
10.2.5 Setting the height of a table row
10.2.6 Horizontal alignment
10.2.7 Vertical alignment
10.2.8 Spanning columns and rows
10.2.9 Table border
10.2.10 Giving a table a navigable name
10.2.11 Additional HTML tags
11 Images
11.1 Markdown images
11.1.1 Image size in Markdown
11.1.2 Making the image a link
11.1.3 Drag and drop image link
A note by the Author
11.2 HTML images
11.2.1 A basic HTML image
11.2.2 Image size in HTML
11.2.3 Horizontal alignment
11.2.4 Making the image a link
11.2.5 Using a table to contain an image
11.3 Forcing an image refresh
11.4 Using a spacer image
11.5 Mermaid diagrams
11.5.1 Inserting a Mermaid diagram
11.5.2 The rendered Mermaid diagram
11.5.3 Supported version of Mermaid
11.6 Interactive maps
11.7 3D models
12 Contents (collapsible) and footnotes
12.1 A basic table of contents
12.2 Understanding the space characters
12.3 Collapsible content
12.3.1 Defaulting to open
12.3.2 Markdown restrictions
12.4 Collapsible TOC
12.5 TOCs in tables
12.6 Footnotes
13 Code fragments
13.1 Inline code
13.2 Code blocks
13.2.1 Preferred mechanism
13.3 Syntax highlighting
13.3.1 Supported languages
13.4 HTML code fragments
13.4.1 Converting HTML to code
14 Mathematical formulae
14.1 An overview of LaTex
14.2 Inserting an inline formula
14.2.1 Alternative delimiter
14.3 A formula block
14.4 Some example formulae
14.5 LaTeX syntax
14.5.1 Greek lowercase
14.5.2 Greek uppercase and Hebrew
14.5.3 Mathematical constructions
14.5.4 Variable sized delimiters
14.5.5 Variable sized symbols
14.5.6 Variable sized symbols with limits
14.5.7 Standard functions
14.5.8 Operators and relational symbols
14.5.9 Arrows
14.5.10 Other symbols
14.5.11 Accents
14.5.12 Matrices
14.5.13 Cases
Aligning multiple equations
14.5.14 Text formatting
Font size
Font colour
The text command
Font restrictions
14.6 Abusing LaTeX
14.6.1 Changing font colour with LaTeX
15 Navigation bars, badges and buttons
15.1 Navigation bars
15.1.1 Navigation bar practicalities
15.2 Badges
15.2.1 Creating a badge
15.2.2 Static badge options
15.2.3 Dynamic badges
15.3 Buttons
16 PracticalSeries Wiki conventions
16.1 The PracticalSeries Wiki page
16.2 The PracticalSeries folder structure
16.2.1 The root folder and home page
16.2.2 Leading pages
16.2.3 .gitkeep files
16.2.4 Folder and Markdown file names
Wiki pages that start at a section
16.3 The page title area
16.4 The page heading area
16.4.1 Top of page marker
16.4.2 Logo image
16.4.3 Web ID badge
16.5 Main body area
16.5.1 Common page elements
End of page marker
End of section elements
16.5.2 Headings
Compensating for number widths
Appendices headings
16.5.3 Tables
Links to a table
A note on Markdown tables
16.5.4 Images
Images that open in a new tab
Double images
Links to a figure
16.5.5 Lists
Common points for all lists
Basic unordered list
Basic ordered list
Mixed ordered and unordered lists
Enhanced mixed lists
Index list
Reverse index list
Index list with text wrap
Reverse index list with text wrap
Indexed, mixed list
Reverse indexed, mixed list
Task list
Enhanced task list with observations
16.5.6 Code fragments
16.5.7 Formulae
Standard formulae
Alternate formulae
16.6 Sidebar
16.6.1 sidebar files and locations
16.6.2 Sidebar title and location badge
16.6.3 Navigation bar
16.6.4 Table of contents
Unnumbered, non-collapsible TOC
Unnumbered, collapsible TOC
Single digit, collapsible TOC
Double digit, collapsible TOC
TOCs for appendices
16.6.5 End of page link
16.7 Footer
16.7.1 Footer files and locations
16.7.2 Location badge
16.7.3 Navigation bar
16.7.4 Colophon
16.7.5 Links and contacts
17 Managing a Wiki
17.1 Revision control
17.1.1 Managing commits
17.2 Finding the first Wiki commit
17.3 Rebasing the Wiki
17.3.1 Summarising the rebase process
17.3.2 Executing the rebase process
17.4 Wikis and search engine visibility
Appendices
B Full list of all emoji characters
B.1 Emojis, a brief explanation
B.1.1 Emoji short names
B.1.2 Emoji escape codes
B.1.3 Emoji variations
B.1.4 Emoji numbers
B.2 Emojis characters by category
Smileys and emotion
People and body
Component
Animals and nature
Food and drink
Travel and places
Activities
Objects
Symbols
Flags
B.3 Emoji characters by Unicode
C Segoe UI full character set
A note by the Author
C.1 Inserting Unicode characters
C.2 Characters U+00000 to U+00FFF
C.3 Characters U+01000 to U+01FFF
C.4 Characters U+02000 to U+02FFF
C.5 Characters U+03000 to U+09FFF
C.6 Characters U+0A000 to U+0AFFF
C.7 Characters U+0B000 to U+0FFFF
C.8 Characters U+10000 to U+10FFF
C.9 Characters U+11000 to U+11FFF
C.10 Characters U+12000 to U+12FFF
C.11 Characters U+13000 to U+15FFF
C.12 Characters U+16000 to U+1CFFF
C.13 Characters U+1D000 to U+1EFFF
C.14 Characters U+1F000 to U+3FFFF
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