Add pattern matching support to URI::Generic with params

[baweaver]

Summary

Adds pattern matching support to URI::Generic via the deconstruct_keys method, enabling more expressive URI handling in Ruby 2.7+.

Motivation

Pattern matching provides a cleaner, more declarative way to work with URIs, especially when routing or filtering based on URI components.

Current approach:

uri = URI(request_url)
if uri.scheme == "https" && uri.host == "api.example.com" && uri.path.start_with?("/v2")
 handle_api_v2_request(uri)
end

With pattern matching:

case URI(request_url)
in scheme: "https", host: "api.example.com", path: /^\/v2/
 handle_api_v2_request
end

Implementation

Added deconstruct_keys method to URI::Generic that returns a hash with the following keys:

• :scheme, :userinfo, :host, :port, :path, :query, :fragment
• :params - Parsed query string as a hash with symbol keys (lazily computed only when requested)

The :params key is only computed when explicitly requested to avoid unnecessary parsing overhead.

Examples

Basic pattern matching:

uri = URI("https://example.com:8080/search?q=ruby")

case uri
in scheme: "https", host: "example.com"
 # matches
end

Matching with query params:

uri = URI("http://example.com/search?q=ruby&lang=en")

case uri
in scheme: "http", path: "/search", params: { q: "ruby" }
 # matches - params are parsed as { q: "ruby", lang: "en" }
end

Compatibility

Tests are wrapped with instance_eval and SyntaxError rescue to maintain compatibility with Ruby 2.5+, as pattern matching syntax was introduced in Ruby 2.7.

Testing

• Added tests for deconstruct_keys with and without params
• Added pattern matching tests for scheme/host matching
• Added pattern matching tests with params hash
• All existing tests pass